536 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
given an account of the gold washing, and enumerated several localities 
where gold mining had been, or was, at the time of his visits, carried 
on. Healso quotes from a letter from Mr. Robinson, in which that gentle- 
man states the results of his attempts to establish gold-mining under 
European superintendence. At Rohobe in Oodipur where operations 
were commenced and showed some prospect of being fairly remunerative, 
the climate proved so ‘hot and unhealthy’ that it was found that no 
European could live there, and the works were given up. 
“Colonel Haughton says that ‘the metal was found some years ago in 
considerable lumps in the Sona Nuddee of Sonapet in Tamar on the 
northern extremity of Singhbhim, and much is still found there.’ I 
have invariably found that the washers have traditions of nuggets 
having been found at intervals. A nugget from the native State of 
Jushpur is now in the Geological Museum. Its exact weight I forget, 
but I believe it to have been about half an ounce. 
“The cases of the gold having been found im situ are undoubtedly rare. 
Colonel Haughton speaks of it occurring in situ ‘a little north of 
Assuntulea in Khursowa,’ but further on he states, ‘I have not heard 
of any instance in which the metal has been found attached to a stone,’ 
so that the former statement must only mean to imply that it is mined 
for in superficial deposits. Dr. Emil Stcehr states* that traces of gold 
were found in the copper ores of Singhbhim. A Mr. Emerson was 
specially employed by the Singhbhtiim Copper Company to investigate 
the gold resources of the country. He is said to have crushed a 
quantity of quartz and to have found traces of gold in it; but his opera- 
tions do not appear to have been sufticiently successful to encourage him 
to continue. In Chaibassa, I was shown a small nugget of gold in a 
quartz matrix. It was said to have been obtained in the Kappergudee 
Ghat, near Kalkapur, in Dholbhtim. 
“Tt is not within the scope of the present paper to write a complete 
resumé of ali that is recorded on the subject, but rather to give an 
account of what has actually come under my own observation in those 
portions of the districts which have been examined geologically. 
«« During the season of 1866-67, I fancied that I was able to connect 
the occurrence of gold in the streams with the existence of certain sub- 
metamorphic rocks (magnesian and mica schists, slates and quartzites) 
which were then for the first time met with in Manbhim. Being 
anxious to put this connexion to as rigid a test as circumstances would 
admit of, and wishing to define, if possible, the exact boundaries within 
which gold certainly exists and may be reasonably looked for, I, with 
some difficulty persuaded two gold washers (man and wife) to accompany 
me during my examination of the southern portion of the district of 
Manbhtim. They remained with me for upwards of three months, 
washing daily at such places as were pointed out. 
“ One of the most interesting results is, that the existence of gold in the 
metamorphic as well as the sub-metamorphic rocks has been satisfactorily 
proved. This, from various reasons, [ was not prepared to expect. 
Colonel Haughton, who speaks of the granitic gneissose rocks as igneous, 
* Hinige Bemerkungen iiber den District Singhbhum in Bengalen. Viertel- 
jahrschrift der naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Zurich, 5th year, Part 4, 1860. 
