540 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
be applicable ; but even in them an increased yield would undoubtedly 
result from supplanting the native’s dish by the Californian pan, rocker, 
long-tom, and sluice. 
NortH-WEsT PROVINCES, INCLUDING THE HYMALAYAS AND 
PUNJAB. 
In the North-West Himalayas the occurrence of gold has 
been alluded to by many travellers, but the following notices 
from the official publications of the Geological Survey of India, 
contain the most important facts in connexion therewith. 
“There are gold-washings carried on yearly in the beds of the Hima- 
layan rivers, and most extensively, even in streams which only drain 
the sub-Himalayan rocks. The fact is rather interesting; since in 
these streams the gold must have a doubly derivative origin.”* 
“Sona River, Gurhwal District—This stream rises in the lower 
range of hills, and joins the Ramgunga river in Palti Dhtin. Its sands 
yield gold, and the bed of the Ramgunga below the junction is aurife- 
rous. The washing is not very profitable, scarcely averaging four 
annas a day to each workman.” 
Again :— 
“The sands of the Ganges, running through Taluka Chandi, contain 
gold, but the profit arising from the washing is not greater than in the 
Sona river.” t 
Punjab. 
“Gold is washed for in the Indus, at Kalabagh, sometimes also in 
the Bunhar river bed at the other end of the range (Salt Range), and in 
several small streams along its northern flanks, the present source of the 
precious metal being the tertiary sandstone formation, and apparently 
among the lower beds of the Lower Sivalik group. The process is not 
continuous, being only carried on after heavy falls of rain in the 
smaller streams, and in the Indus when floods permit. The amount 
realized can hardly be closely ascertained, for as the industry is taxed it 
is the interest of the operators to conceal their gains. According to the 
best information obtainable these fluctuate from three to four annas 
worth a day per man, this being generally thought rather above the 
measure of success.” $ 
The gold washing in the Salt Range is described in some detail by 
Dr. Fleming, in his Report.§ 
Dr. Jameson also alludes to the gold which is found there.|| 
* Medlicott : “Mem. Geol. Survey of India,” Vol. III., p. 179. 
} Lawder : ‘‘ Records of the Geological Survey of India,” Vol. II., 88, 90 
t Wynne: “ Mem. Geol. Survey of India,” Vol. XIV., 303. 
§ “Jour. Asiatic Society, Bengal,” 1853, p. 280. 
|| ‘Jour. Asiatic Society, Bengal,” Vol. XL, p. 1. 
