568 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 
Adamas flows into the Gangeticus sinus (Bay of Bengal), mid- 
way between Cosamba on the north (Balasore?) and Cocala. 
(Sicacole of Arrowsmith’s map, the modern Chicacole). The 
Dosaron and Tyndis rivers probably represent the Godaveri and 
Kistna, so that it is very likely that the Adamas may safely be 
identified with the Mahanadi. Ptolemy represents the Adamas 
as flowing through the district of Sabarz, across which runs the 
following description :—“ Apud quos adamas est in copia,” which 
is otherwise given in an earlier edition of the map.* “ Sabare 
ihis habundat Adamas.” [In Sabarz the diamond occurs in 
abundance.] The upper portion of the river passes through a 
district named Cocconage, which would include Chutia Nagpur. 
The first visit to these mines of which I have been able to find 
a record was made by the already-mentioned French jeweller 
Tavernier,t who appears to have gone there somewhere about 
1665. He says :— 
‘<T come to the third mine, which is the most ancient of all, in the 
kingdom of Bengala. You may give it the name of Soumelpour, 
which is the name of the town next to the place where diamonds are 
found, or rather Gouel, which is the name of the river in the sand 
whereof they seek for the stones. The territories through which this river 
runs belong to a Raja who was anciently tributary to the Great 
Mogul, but revolted in the time of Shah Jehan and Gehan Guir, his 
father. So soon as Sha Jehan came to the empire he sent to demand 
his tribute of this Raja, as well for the time past as to come, who, finding 
that his revenues were not sufficient to pay him, quitted his country, 
and retired into the mountains with his subjects. Upon his refusal Sha 
Jehan, believing he would stand it out, sent a great army against him, 
persuading himself that he should find great store of diamonds in his 
country. But he found neither diamonds nor people, nor victuals—the 
Raja having burnt all the corn which his people could not carry away, 
so that the greatest part of Sha Jehan’s army perished for hunger. At 
length the Raja returned into his country, upon condition to pay the 
Mogul some slight tribute.” 
Then follows an account of the route travelled over by Taver- 
nier from Agra, via Allahabad and Rhotas to Sambalpur. He 
continues :— 
‘* Soumelpour is a great town, the houses whereof are built of earth, 
and covered only with branches of coco { trees. All these 30 leagues 
*Tab. x. ‘‘Cosmographiz,” libri viii. Lat. Justi de Albano, Ulmae. 1486. Fol. 
t Travels. London, 1678. Bookii., chap. xiii., p. 189. 
+ Probably the leaves of the Tal palm. The Cocoa-nut does not occur at present in 
Sambalpur. Elsewhere, however, it has been found at as great a distance from the sea. 
