70 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 



Introductory illiistratio7i of facts. — It is well at the outset to 

 present a collection of varied geographical illustrations, in order 

 to bring prominently before the mind the great variety of the 

 facts with which we have to deal. At the same time, a prelimi- 

 nary exercise is gained in the interpretation of different means 

 of geographical representation. The following list will serve to 

 indicate the class of materials from which selection may be made 

 for a first week's laboratory work : 



Heim's model of an Alpine torrent ; Harden's model of Mor- 

 rison's Cove, Penn., or a photograph of this model, or of Bran- 

 ner's model of Arkansas ; Jackson's photograph of the deep 

 valley of the Blackwater in the plateau of West Virginia ; 

 Holzel's oleograph of the Hungarian plain ; Becker's elabo- 

 rately colored and shaded relief map of the Canton Glarus, 

 Switzerland ; a group of contoured map sheets, as the twelve that 

 embrace the Berkshire plateau and the Connecticut valley in 

 western Massachusetts, mounted as a wall map for better con- 

 venience in study ; a hachured map, such as that of the Scotch 

 Highlands, in a group of sheets of the British Ordnance Survey, 

 also mounted as a wall map ; a tinted relief map, as of New Jer- 

 sey, from the topographical atlas of that state, etc., etc. 



The need of the systematic study of geography is apparent 

 from the difficulty that most students have in expressing the facts 

 portrayed in these various illustrations. Words are not easily 

 summoned to describe them. Many of the illustrations are on a 

 much larger scale than is commonly employed in atlases, and the 

 ordinary accounts of direction and distance usually employed 

 in describing similar maps, are at once felt to be insufficient to 

 express the varied reliefs here exhibited. How can the student 

 best approach a perception and an understanding of the facts 

 before him and at the same time gain an ability to describe them 

 in fitting language ? 



hisufficieiice of ifiductive study. — The ordinary fund of geo- 

 graphical terms does not suffice to describe good maps and mod- 

 els with sufficient exactness. Further than this, a few questions 

 from the instructor will show that many facts plainly set forth 



