GLA CIA L S UC CESSION IN NOR WA V. 12/ 



outwards in it, following the line of least resistance for the ice 

 overflow in central Scandinavia. This only need be 1,500 

 meters thick to be able to erode the bottom when the maximum 

 erosion was in progress. This ice stream turned round the Naze 

 and left its bottom moraine also on the southwestern Norwegian 

 coastland, e. g., on Jaederen, where boulders from the Kristiania 

 territory are very numerous. 



While the extreme eastern margin of the first great inland ice, 

 as demonstrated by the extension of the boulder clay, reached 

 to Kiew and Petschora, we must thus place the western margin 

 at the steep slope to the Norway deep in the North Atlantic 

 Ocean. But we have reason to think that it did not remain there 

 for a very long time. As the weight of the ice increased the 

 land was obliged to siiik below it. This follows not only from 

 the general physics of the earth's crust as demonstrated by O. 

 Fisher, but can also be directly deduced from facts observed in 

 all former glaciated countries. Invariably when there comes an 

 inland ice there follows a depression ; with the melting of it there 

 is everywhere a re-upheaval ; and everywhere the amplitude of 

 the crust motion is in close accord with the thickness of the ice 

 sheet. ^ Under the great first inland ice, Norway sank and there- 

 with came a raising of the snow line in relation to the ice surface 

 and an aggression on the ice from the rising sea. Under these 

 circumstances the ice margin was forced back, and many things 

 indicate that it at length took up its position at ab at the present 

 coast line and paused there while the great terminal glaciers 

 flowed down preglacial depressions and made new ones and 

 scooped out, by long continued action, our grand fjords. Judg- 

 ing from their form and great dimensions, this erosion took place 

 under very constant circumstances. The ice must have kept its 

 place for a very long period constituting, in all probability, the 

 greater part of the first great ice age. It might be objected that 

 when the ice receded by the sinking of the land, the crust 

 upheaval must have followed immediately. As the sea with its 



'This I have followed out from the known glaciated countries in my Strandlinje- 

 studier, but cannot in this place re-state it more fully. 



