GLA CIA L S UC CESSION IN NOR IV A V. I 3 I 



Also in Finland we find a terminal moraine near the south coast. 

 But through this terminal moraine there crept out a very long 

 Baltic ice tongue which reached down to Brandenburg and the 

 eastern part of Schleswic. Behind the terminal moraine in Norway 

 we find a series of lakes eroded, here as elsewhere, near the ice 

 margin, but these lakes are rather small and have no relation to 

 the present valleys behind. It is therefore reasonable to suppose 

 that the inland ice did not have any very considerable thickness 

 here when it reached this extreme limit and also that the valleys 

 were not yet fully developed. 



As in proteroglacial time, the country again sank under the 

 ice weight and again the ice sheet retreated with the relative 

 raising of the snowline, and advance of the sea. The retreat is near 

 Kristiania fjord marked by three or four discontinuous moraine 

 lines with, in places, rather large lakes behind (Oiern, Tyrifjord, 

 Norsjo). But in Norway — as in America — a final position was 

 not reached before the great marginal glacier was settled in what 

 was to become a fine row of great lake basins : Solor (filled up), 

 Mjosen, Randsfjord, Sperillen, Kroderen, etc. This most constant 

 phase of the deuteroglacial time deserves a particular name. I 

 have called it the Epiglacial epoch, as it closes the great glacial 

 series. It is parallel to the American Champlain epoch, but as 

 American geologists (Dana especially) regard the Champlain 

 epoch as postglacial, I have not ventured to accept the name. 



In southeastern Norway we find the terminal glaciers ending 

 in the greatest lake basins in the country ; in western and northern 

 Norway the glaciers were, as above explained, stopped by the 

 fjord heads. But here we also find that the glacier ends every- 

 where once occupied smaller but yet deep lakes, with bottoms often 

 below the sea level, just behind the fjord heads. When we in 

 Norway have more than 100 such lakes cut in the rock just where 

 the glaciers terminated, I cannot see how it is possible to evade 

 the conclusion that these lakes must be of glacial origin. It will 

 not do to suppose that this coincidence of so many lakes and 

 glacier ends is the merest accident. The relation must needs be 

 genetic. The form of the lakes is the typical trough with a longi- 



