140 THE JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY. 



ants of the interglacial Norwegians and that the whole deutero- 

 glaciated country was peopled by Aryan dolichocephals in early 

 post-glacial, boreal time. We know that these new immigrants 

 had at least four domesticated animals, and were in possession of 

 the art of grinding their stone implements. Can we now date the 

 appearance of neolithic man by more direct geological means ? 

 There are found so many flint implements in such depth in 

 probable subglacial terraces in Norway that it may be taken 

 for granted that the country was populated, however sparsely, up 

 to and beyond the polar circle in subglacial time. In Sweden 

 polished implements have been discovered in the peat layers 

 below the subglacial, beach, so it will perhaps be reasonable to 

 refer the first appearance of neolithic man also on geological 

 dates to the genial Boreal period between epiglacial and sub- 

 glacial time. Approaching our own culture, we find that the 

 country in the bronze age was still depressed. In Smalenene, to 

 the east of Kristianiafjord, are observed about 150 rock sculp- 

 tures from the bronze age which are situated at about 22 to 25 

 meters above the sea ; none at lower levels. As these sculptures 

 almost always are made along a shore, we are justified in sup- 

 posing that more than ten per cent, of the land yet was unfinished 

 in early bronze age. From early iro7i age we have barrows quite 

 near the present constant sea level, so we may assume that the 

 recent geological period coincides with the iron age and histor- 

 ical time. 



If the theory of ice depression is correct, there must, even 

 in the bronze age, have existed a remnant of the inland ice, 

 which, as explained before, must be sought for across the mid- 

 dle of eastern valleys. In this zone we could not expect to find 

 implements from the stone age or bronze age. There has as 

 yet been found only four stone hatchets in all the districts near 

 the former ice shed, against many hundred stone implements in 

 the districts on both sides of the same valleys, and these per- 

 forated hatchets have been in use far down in metallic time. 



The ice zone must have stopped the immigration as the inland 

 ice of Greenland does now. This is the reason together with the 



