THE ARKANSAS COAL MEASURES. I9I 



Arkansas by the closely related species Goniatites globulostis Meek 

 and Worthen. 



Orthoceras riisheme McChesney, is found in both areas ; the 

 Endolobus is possibly the same in both, or closely related ; Euom- 

 phalus subquadratus Meek and Worthen, is common to both ; 

 Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen, is found in both areas ; 

 Pleurophorus sp. is probably the same in both regions. 



Nearly all the Upper Carboniferous species of Texas and Arkan- 

 sas are also found in Illinois, Iowa, etc., in beds that have never 

 been thought to be other than Coal Measures. We are therefore 

 safe in concluding, that while some of the beds in western Arkan- 

 sas are very high up in the Coal Measures, none that belong above 

 them are as yet certainly known, and the Poteau mountain syn- 

 cline, across the line in Indian Territory, is the only place where 

 there is any likelihood of finding Permian deposits. 



COMPARISON WITH FOREIGN UPPER CARBONIFEROUS. 



The Lo-ping faima. — The descriptions of the fossils of the 

 Lo-ping district of China, by Professor E. Kayser,^ throw great 

 light on the relations of the American Carboniferous faunas to 

 those of Asia. Near Lo-ping, in eastern China, are found in 

 strata overlying the coal-beds, numerous marine fossils of Upper 

 Coal Measure age. Kayser has described 55 species, 10 not spe- 

 cifically identified, 15 cosmopolitan species, and ii forms that 

 are typically American, and belong chiefly to the Upper Coal 

 Measures. 



The I 5 cosmopolitan species are also nearly all found in the 

 American Upper Coal Measures, so that of the entire Lo-ping 

 fauna nearly all the species are either found in America, or they 

 have their nearest relatives there. The two regions belong to 

 the same zoological province, the Pacific Carboniferous sea. 



Many of these species that are very common in America and 

 Asia are unknown or rare in Europe, which fact would tend to 

 prove a connection with Asia by water, and the separation of the 

 European and the American Upper Coal Measure deposits by a 

 land barrier. 



'Richthofen: "China," Vol. IV. 



