192 THE JOURi^AL OF GEOLOGY. 



The Carboniferous plants collected by Baron von Richthofen^ 

 numbered about 40 species and were nearly all identical with 

 European Carboniferous plants. The natural inference is that in 

 those times Asia was connected with Europe by land, and that 

 the sea opened out to the east. 



Professor J. S. Newberry^ described a small collection of Car- 

 boniferous plants from China, and found nearly all of them to 

 belong to well-known European species. This is in perfect agree- 

 ment with the conclusions drawn above. 



The Salt Range beds. — In the Salt Range, in northwest India, 

 are found Upper Carboniferous deposits, some of which resemble 

 those of Lo-ping, China ; and the Loiver Prodiictus limestone of 

 India is probably of about the same age as the beds of Lo-ping, 

 and the western American Upper Coal Measures. These deposits 

 and their fauna are described by Professor W. Waagen,3 and in 

 the volume on "Geological Results" he draws parallels between 

 the faunas of the upper Paleozoic in different countries. Many 

 of the American species that are found at Lo-ping are also found 

 in the Salt Range Lozver Produchis limestone. This same type of 

 Carboniferous is found in Sumatra, where it has been described 

 by Ferd. Roemer,"* and on Timor, where it was described by E. 

 Beyrich.5 This is the furthest southward that the Indian or north- 

 ern type of Upper Carboniferous is known, and indeed the deposits 

 of Sumatra and Timor begin to show already a greater affinity 

 for the Australian or southern type of Carboniferous. 



Waagen^ divides the Carboniferous into two types, the north- 

 ern or Asiatic, and the southern or Australo-African. The north- 

 ern type is found in western Europe, Russia, the Himalayas, China, 

 the Arctic regions and North America. The southern type is 

 developed in South Africa and Australia, and extends into Penin- 



'RlCHTHOFEN : China, Vol. IV"., Abhandlung 9, Dr. A. Schenk. 



2 American Journal of Science, Vol. 126, 1883, pp. 123 et seq. 



3 Paleontologia Indica. Salt Range Fossils. 

 ■tPaleontographica, Vol. 27, 1880. 



5 Abhandlungen der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1864. 

 *Salt Range Fossils, Geological Results, p. 239. 



