CE OL O GICA L S UR VE YS IN MISSO URL 2 09 



and descriptive matter relating to Missouri, and especially to the 

 mines and topography. 



The Long expedition of 1819/ similar in nature to the Lewis 

 and Clarke and the Pike expeditions, was equally poor in geo- 

 logical results. 



In the year 1821, Thomas Nuttal, the botanist, recorded cer- 

 tain observations on the " Geological Structure of the Valley of 

 the Mississippi"^ in which he alludes to the limestones of the 

 valley and correlates them with Martin's Petrifacta Derbiensis. 

 This, as Professor H. S. Williams has already pointed out,^ is 

 probably the first recognition of "Carboniferous rocks " in the 

 region. Soon after this, in 1822, Dr. Edwin James called atten- 

 tion to the existence of a sandstone in the Ozark mountains of 

 southeastern Missouri, with a clay slate, like the primitive slate of 

 New England, intervening between it and the granite. ■♦ This 

 was the first suggestion of the presence of Cambrian or Lower 

 Silurian rocks in Missouri. 



During the next ten and more years much attention was 

 attracted to Missouri and other Mississippi valley states, through 

 the extension of mining operations, especially in Iowa and Wis- 

 consin, In volume 12 6f the American Joiirnal of Science, 1827, 

 there are a number of references to mines and descriptions of 

 minerals found. 



During the years 1834 and 1835, G. W. Featherstonehaugh 

 made his well known trip through Missouri and other western 

 states. 5 In his reports he frequently refers to the limestones 

 along the Mississippi as of Carboniferous age, and to the abund- 

 ance of fossils in the exposures between St. Louis and Hercu- 

 laneum, some of which he has found identical with European 



'Account of an Expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mts., etc., 1823. 



^Jour. Acad. Sci., Philadelphia, 1821, Vol. 2. 



3 Bull. No. 80, U. S. Geol. Surv., pp. 25 and 137. 



''Jour. Acad. Sci., Philadelphia, 1822, Vol. 2. 



Also : C. D. Walcott, Bull. 81, U. S. Geol. Surv. 



5 Geol. Report of the Elevated Country between the Missouri and Red Rivers, 



1835- 



Reconnaissance to the Green Bay and the Wisconsin Territory, 1836. 



