GEOLOGY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE 49 
of them was visited by some member of the survey, observations 
made and specimens preserved for study. At the present time 
railroads thread three-fourths of this forest country, and by exca- 
vations and the removal of the forests, facilities for exploration 
have been greatly increased. Had the survey of this region 
commenced fifteen years later, the information acquired could 
have been gathered in a fourth part of the time actually taken. 
Connection with work in adjoining territory.— The geology of 
New Hampshire is intimately connected with that of Vermont 
and Canada. The writer had fortunately been connected with 
the survey of the former as principal assistant, and was familiar 
with what had been published for both adjoining districts, and 
had taken pains to revisit typical and extra-limital areas during 
the progress of the explorations. The published New Hamp- 
shire map covers fully a third part of eastern Vermont and an 
important section of Canada, for which information was based 
upon a manuscript left by Sir W. E. Logan, interpreted in the 
light of later studies. The chief support of our stratigraphical 
conclusions lay in the anticlinal structure of the Green Moun- 
tains. My advisers, Professor James Hall, Sir W. E. Logan, and 
Professor J. D. Dana, taught me that this structure was synclinal. 
After measuring thirteen general sections across this range, it 
became clear that my guides were in error. Their great anxiety to 
maintain the synclinal notion had been exerted in order to sustain 
the doctrines of the metamorphism of the crystalline rocks and 
their Paleozoic age. With the determination of the anticlinal 
attitude quite a different interpretation of age resulted, as well as 
less respect for the theories that had led my masters astray. 
A word in reference to the determination of this structure. 
C. B. Adams in his Annual Reports (1846-8) states the ques- 
tions at issue in respect to the age of the crystallines, without 
endorsing either view. Having noted the existence of quartzite 
and limestone in Plymouth upon the east side of the range, he 
queries whether these rocks may not be repetitions of the gran- 
ular quartz and Stockbridge limestone. Other facts show that 
Adams favored the metamorphic view—and it is supposed influ- 
