62 Co. tale PANIC OO CIE 
The writer in accepting the diversity of the Ice Age, believes 
the Champlain to have been one of the glacial epochs. The 
name was originally given by him to the sands and clays bearing 
marine mollusca, with the accompanying deltas and terraces ; and 
that includes terraces in the Champlain Valley, the south-flowing 
rivers and along the New England coast. The fossils indicated 
a glacial climate as far south as Massachusetts Bay, and a cooler 
climate in Nantucket. It was atime of differential depression, 
amounting to more than one foot to the mile in proceeding north- 
ward, so that sediments filled up rivers and compelled the 
renewed streams of today to find new channels for themselves 
over ledges. With a submergence of perhaps a thousand feet in 
the lower St. Lawrence and an arctic climate, glaciers would form 
- on the Laurentides, Green and White Mountains, moving towards 
each other and discharging icebergs into the inter-island area. 
Mr. Upham* suggests that all the drumlins in the country were 
formed at this time. It was certainly true of those near Boston, 
as they contain not less than fifty-five specimens of marine tem- 
perate mollusca, which must have been transported as erratics to 
their present locations. Hence the climate of New England 
must have had an arctic character in the Champlain epoch. 
As elsewhere suggested,? the writer believes the adoption of 
the view that the Champlain was a glacial epoch with the land 
much depressed, and a sea full of icebergs moving southwesterly 
from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, will enable the advocates of the 
glacier and iceberg theories to harmonize their conflicting opin- 
ions. 
(Es ll, Inliarenieoeix. 
12 Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., Vol. VII 
