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which are now in the United States National Museum, but these did 
not come under Mr. Merrill’s observation. It must be noted in this 
connection that Mr. Merrill’s material was proportionally very limited 
in comparison to the vast extent, variation and stratigraphic zones of 
the flints in Texas, and the only cause for regret is that he did not 
have a more extensive collection for study. 
Regarding the depth of the water in which the flints were formed, 
only a very general conclusion was reached, viz., it was beyond the 
continental shelf, but not in the deepest sea. 
The plate accompanying the paper is made up of thirty-six figures 
drawn by J. H. Emerton. The size of the objects figured was very 
carefully determined by micrometer measurements. 
The author should be complimented on the painstaking manner 
in which he has done this important work, and it stands as the first 
careful microscopic research into any part of the great series of chalky 
limestone sediments in the two great series of the Cretaceous in Texas. 
T. WAYLAND VAUGHAN. 
Thirteenth Annual Report of the State Geologist (New York) for the 
year 1893. James HALL, State Geologist. 
This report consists of two volumes, the first devoted to geology 
and the second to paleontology. ‘The papers published in Volume I. 
may be divided into two sections: first, those relating to the Livonia 
salt shaft, and second, papers on geologic work being done in con- 
nection with the preparation of a new geologic map of the state. 
In November, 1890 the Livonia Salt Company began the sinking 
of a shaft of 12x 22 feet, 1432 feet in depth, at Livonia, Livingston 
county, New York. Detailed records were not preserved for the first 
380 feet, but from that depth to the bottom, Mr. D. D. Luther, 
in the employ of the state geologist, kept a careful record of the 
stratigraphy and collected great numbers of fossils, accurately record- 
ing their horizons. The strata penetrated were as follows: Drift (64: 
ft.), Portage (55 ft.), Genesee (161 ft.), Hamilton (517 ft.), Marcellus 
(69 ft.), Corniferous (132% ft.), Onondaga (2% ft.), Oriskany (5 ft.), 
Lower Helderberg (112 ft.), and Salina (314 ft.). This is probably the 
most extensive continuous section of stratified rocks that has ever 
been submitted to such a detailed study, and the papers relating to it 
