122 REVIEWS 
“answering to those now obtaining between western part of Norway 
and the British Islands.” These beds are regarded as interglacial 
except in one instance, where they are seen to rest on tertiary rocks. 
They are probably not all of the same age. From three other locali- 
ties 19 species of foraminifera have been collected, and these indicate a 
climate like that now prevailing about the Lofoden Islands. The 
structural relations in this case are unknown. 
The author evinces a particular acquaintance with the geology of 
the Yoldia-clays. The older Yoldia-clay contains Norwegian bowlders 
but lacks any admixture of materials carried by the Baltic ice, the 
moraine of which overlies it unconformably. ‘This clay may have been 
laid down either right before or soon after the invasion of the Norway 
ice-current. At any rateit was there before the last advance of the 
Baltic ice. From the 64 species of foraminifera, which have been iden- 
tified as occurring in this bed, it is inferred that boreal and arctic cli- 
mates prevailed during its forming. Such indications also exist in the 
molluscan fauna. The dissimilarities among some of the localities 
render it probable that all of these do not belong to exactly the same 
age. In most places this clay has been either tilted or contorted by 
subsequent glacial action. 
The later Yoldia-clay is never overlaid by morainic material and is 
always found undisturbed. For this reason it is separated from the 
older clay. It was probably formed soon after the last glaciation of 
the northern part of Denmark, and possibly in part at the time of the 
second Baltic ice-current, which probably did not reach this region. 
This clay has yielded 36 species of foraminifera: 24 are cosmopolitan, 
four are arctic forms. Of the mollusca most of the forms are now 
found near Spitzbergen and Greenland. The fauna has a more decided 
arctic character than has that of the older Yoldia-clay. 
The Zirphzea-bed has been observed only on the northern point of 
Jutland. It resembles the Swedish and Norwegian glacial shell-beds 
and consists of gravel and sand. Its fossils are found zz széw and also 
worked down into the underlying Yoldia-clay. Of the 41 species of fora- 
minifera found, 26 are cosmopolitan, four are arcticand boreal, five occur 
in the North Atlantic. From this and from the nature of the mollus- 
can fauna, it is inferred that the climate prevailing when this bed was 
forming, was almost arctic, resembling the present conditions on the 
west coast of Finland. 
Samples of non-marine clays have also been examined, and the 
