KAME AREAS IN WESTERN NEW YORK Av, 
lar material. A few bowlders occur, mainly Niagara. On the 
north side of the cut, twenty feet from the top, are heavy masses 
of cemented Medina gravel, about ten feet thick. These do not 
seem continuous. Another mass of similar gravel appears at the 
bottom of the excavation. 
The top of the high mass is mostly fine sand but containing 
angular stones and a few bowlders. The surface from here south 
to Pittsford, two miles, and east to Penfield, one and one-half 
miles, is thrown into domes and basins. No gravels appear upon 
the surface north of the esker described above, although gravel is 
said to underlie the sand. 
At Bushnells Basin and the canal crossing of Irondequoit 
creek the high hills are mainly the fine yellow sand, but heavy 
beds of gravel are worked near the canal, and cemented Medina 
gravels occur as described above. 
The summit of the leveled Woolston hill is gravel, and heavy 
gravel is exposed in gullies on the slope. The hills of this culmi- 
nating mass are reported as largely sand. 
Till occurs in the base of the Woolston group, and on a ter- 
race corresponding nearly with the plain stretching westward 
toward the Mendon hills. A land slide exposes 30 feet of till 
on this level, which is towards 100 feet above the creek, with a 
great thickness of sand beneath it. Till also occurs at a higher 
level on the north side of the Woolston hill. A conspicuous hill 
south of village of Fishers and another smaller one southeast 
are true drumlins. 
The depth of the sand upon the borders of the northern part 
of the area cannot be great. Toward Penfield the water pools 
indicate a substratum of rock or till at altitude of about the Iro- 
quois level. Through the midst of the area there exists a buried 
ancient valley. 
Surrounding features —The kame deposit lies upon the glacial 
filling of the ancient valley, lapping upon the drumloid till either 
side. Being wholly in a north-sloping valley and at a low alti- 
tude, the lowest northern part of the deposit was at first leveled 
by the waters of lake Iroquois, while the whole area has been 
