KAME AREAS IN WESTERN NEW VORK NS 
the head of drainage, has a surface of about nine acres. The 
smallest, lying between North and South ponds, has an expanse 
of less than an acre. The two lakelets furthest north are called 
‘Newton ponds.” Only five lakes are here recognized, although 
the group is sometimes called the ‘Seven ponds.” ‘ Burnett’s 
pond,” which lies west of the sand area and is much larger and 
more shallow, is not here regarded as a member of the kame 
group. About one mile south is another lakelet in a large 
swamp. 
The five kame ponds are said to retain their level in the driest 
seasons. Without any surface stream supply they must derive 
their waters from a large basin of sands enclosed in impervious 
drift. 
Composition and structure —The exposed material of the kame 
area is mainly fine yellow sand. A few gravel exposures are met 
with in the neighborhood of the ponds. East of Mr. J. C. Van- 
demark’s residence a dark cemented gravel occurs in the crest 
of a knoll. The matrix is a dark, reddish, coarse sand. Of 
the gravel not over one-quarter is Medina, the remainder being 
a mixture of many hard rocks from the northern terranes. 
Some clay or stiff soil is said to occur on the tops of the knolls. 
Stones and bowlders are found at all heights in the sands. South- 
east toward Waterloo and south toward Geneva the billowy yel- 
low sands terminate in the silts of a broad plain, with occasional 
low, sandy knolls. 
Surrounding features—East and south of the kame area is the 
somewhat lower silt plain which extends from Geneva and Water- 
loo northward past Clyde to Sodus bay. The surface of the 
ground bordering north and west is boldly drumloidal, but 
northward it is slightly lower in altitude. West of the north end 
and heart of the kame area is a significant morainic deposit. It 
is best described as a morainic filling of the north and south val- 
leys between the drumloid ridges. Part of the irregularity may 
be due to the east and west outcrops of harder strata of the upper 
Salina. This morainic surface extends along the Geneva and 
Lyons highway from about one mile south of Alloway to West 
