KAME AREAS IN WESTERN NEW YORK 155 
limestone. The composition of the three southernmost areas 
seems to partake somewhat of the clayey nature of the Salina 
strata. The Mendon, the Victor, and the Irondequoit sands, 
above the Iroquois level, are generally more coherent and argil- 
laceous than the lighter sands of the Pinnacie and Chili hills 
near Rochester. This, however, may not be of great import- 
ance, especially since the Junius sands are also comparatively 
light. 
The four areas lie in the midst of drumloid ridges which 
certainly antedate the kame deposits that partially overlie 
them. 
Only the Rochester area has any clear connection with an 
extended frontal moraine. The morainic surface immediately 
west of the Junius hills is significant but not sufficiently clear or 
extensive to be important in this connection. It should be said, 
however, that in the drumloidal region bordering these kames an 
amount of morainal material even surpassing that in the moraine 
west of Rochester would scarcely be noticeable. 
The break at Fishers may possibly be partly the scouring 
effects of currents during the lowering of lake Warren, but not 
entirely, and the cessation at this point of the process of such 
heavy drainage accumulation would seem to render probable the 
accumulation at some other point on the ice-front, east or west. 
For this reason the suggestion is made that the Mendon area may 
have been formed by the temporary westward diversion of the 
main Irondequoit drainage; that is, the Mendon water deposits 
may represent the gap between the Victor and the Irondequoit 
deposits. The center of the Mendon area is about five miles 
from Fishers, which lies in the break between the other two areas, 
and it has the proper position transversely to the drainage line. 
DISCUSSION OF PROBLEMS. 
The precise manner of formation of the kame hills is the 
most obtrusive question. Two elements may be considered in 
this connection, the composition of the kames, and their altitude 
and location. In composition the red Medina waste plays the 
