REVIEWS 241 
ice. The vertical escarpments could not here have been formed by 
the breaking-off of any blocks, for no such were in view. They may 
have been made, or they may at least be maintained in their present 
attitude by the difference in the motion of the upper and lower layers 
of the ice, the lower strata being held back by friction with the 
ground, and the higher pushing out over them. It is intimated that 
such behavior of the superimposed layers was observed. 
The stratification of the ice was everywhere marked. Sometimes 
the layers were folded. In one of the illustrations of the paper an 
S-shaped bending of the strata occurs where the ice is forced up over 
the moraine in front. In another place cracks are shown running at 
right angles with the lamination of the ice. Sometimes there were 
veins (of clear ice?) branching and extending in various directions. 
One of these veins was over a meter in thickness. These veins seemed 
to have been formed by running water and are an indication of the 
internal conditions of temperature. 
The morainic material of the ice consists of intercalated thin layers 
above. Next to the ground these layers are sometimes three feet in 
thickness. A lenticular mass is shown in one illustration, where the 
weight of the inclosed material has flexed the layers below in an even 
curve. With the exception of the lowest layers of the moraine its 
material is believed to have come from the nunataks, which rise 
through the ice. These are subject to intense weathering from frost, 
the detached material sliding down on the ice and becoming imbedded 
in it, as it forms from the falling snow. No striated bowlders were 
observed, but there was a great deal of rounded as well as of angular 
material. The surface of the rounded bowlders was seen to be 
covered by a fine powder. Even the bowlders in the upper layers 
of the ice are well rounded. The author’s observations support the 
view that the intercalated layers of morainic material are planes of 
shearing, where the material is rolled between two layers of ice of rela- 
tively different rate of horizontal progression. The shearing within 
each stratum of ice is probably quite insignificant. It is regarded as 
likely that the mode of motion in a névé of stratified ice is in this respect 
essentially different from that in homogeneous glacier ice. 
With a few exceptions the névés seen near King’s Bay appear to be 
advancing. In one instance the edge of the ice was seen rising on 
the rear slope of a moraine in front. This is referred to as a proof 
that a névé may be caused to have an ascending current by a horizontal 
