390 JAMES PERRIN SMITH 
Danubites, Proptychites, Prosphingites, Koninckites, Flemingites, Meek- 
oceras, Ophiceras, Otoceras, and Medlcotta. The two last genera 
begin in the Permian, but live on into the Trias, Ofoceras increas- 
ing in numbers, and Medlicottia becoming scarcer. These beds 
and their fauna have been described by C. L. Griesbach,’ and 
C. Diener.? They lie just above the Productus shales of the 
Permian and the sediments grade over gradually from one forma- 
tion into the other; thus the chasm between the Palzozoic and the 
Mesozoic is at last bridged over. A complete monograph of 
this fauna will appear soon in a report by Dr. C. Diener, in 
Paleontologia Indica, Ser. XV, Vol. II. 
The upper or Gandaric substage is represented by marine 
faunas only in the Salt Range, where it was described by W. 
Waagen3 It comprises the lower Ceratite limestone, and the 
Ceratite marls. The lower Ceratite limestone is the zone of 
Gyronites frequens, and has a cephalopod fauna consisting of 
Dinarites, Ambites, Proptychites, Kymatites, Meckoceras, Koninckites, 
Lecanites, Gyronites, and Prionolobus, all Levostraca but one. 
The Ceratite marls comprise two zones, that of Proptychites 
lawrencianus Koninck, and above that of P. “#ilobatus Waagen ; 
their cephalopod fauna consists of Proptychites, Meekoceras, 
Koninckites, Gyronites, Prionolobus, Clypites, Ambites, Kingites, and 
Danubites. 
The Proptychites beds are further represented in the region of 
the Gulf of Ussuri in eastern Siberia, where they have been 
describeds by, Dir ©; Diener! 
Jakutic stage— The Jakutic stage is most typically developed 
in the Salt Range, where it is represented by the Ceratite sand- 
stone, the fauna of which, according to Waagen,> consists of 
tPaleont. Notes on the Lower Trias of the Himalayas, Records Geol. Survey 
India, XII, 1880, pp. 94-113. 
2 Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Bd. LXII, 1895, pp. 571 et seq. 
3 Fossils from the Ceratite Formation. Pal. Indica, Salt Range Fossils, Ser. XIII, 
Vol. I, 1895. 
4 Triadische Cephalopodenfaunen der ostsibirischen Kiistenprovinz. Mém. Com. 
Géol. St. Petersbourg, Vol. XIV, No. 3. 
5 Pal. Indica, Ser. XIII, Salt Range Fossils, Vol. II, 1895. 
