SHOVES TM OVSH TILA HINIOY SULZN TENG Cd IBAA (EID, 441 
sufficient here to consider as an example a shear and a scission 
giving equal distortions. and simultaneously affecting the same 
cube. It is very easy to compute all the elements of this strain 
when for example each strain by itself is such as to increase by 
one-half the length of the elongated axis. The result is as fol-- 
lows: The length of the major axis would be almost exactly 2; 
eas 
Fic. 5. 
Flow distribution when shear and scission of equal amounts are combined. 
and it would stand at anangle of —13° toox. The angle between 
the final circular sections would be 53°. One of them would 
stand at 13%° to ox and the other at—39%°. The range of 
the lines of flow referred to the unstrained solid would be 7 = 3° 
2G) i ican Ce eA IER 
In this case one set of planes of maximum tangential load 
ranges through ten times as great an angle as does the opposite 
set. To estimate the effects of this difference it is indispensable 
to consider the influence of viscosity. This subject has its diffi- 
culties, but there is nothing to prevent any attentive reader from 
acquiring the elementary acquaintance with it needful for the 
present purposes. 
The resistances which a mass offers to distortion can be 
divided into two classes. One of these is independent of the 
time-rate at which the strain is produced and the other class is 
not independent of this rate. If both classes are considered it 
If one of the shears is of ratio a and the other of ratio 8 the combination of the two 
5 ; ; : I ; 
would yield an ellipsoid with axes a, 8 and— 8. ‘The 6 shear, though independent 
: a 
of the a shear would modify the final angle of the lines of flow due to the a shear by 
changing the vertical dimensions. 
