MAPS AS GEOGRAPHICAL ILLUSTRATIONS 487 
physiography — geomorphology, some of our writers would call 
it——-are treated, but they are invaluable in a later course on 
Europe, where forms that were before considered chiefly as 
types of their kind, are considered more fully in their relations 
to their surroundings, and in the controls that they exert on 
occupation and movement; but of this later use it is not my 
purpose to say more at present. The selection of sheets to be 
purchased for the laboratory is in all cases made from the full set, 
as far as published for each country, in the map collection of the 
college library; this collection having been at my intercession 
largely increased in the past four years. Practically all the Euro- 
pean countries are now represented on scales varying from 
I—40,000 to I-100,000. Details concerning the manner of prepara- 
tion and the form of publication of all the maps may be found in 
Wheeler’s compendious Report on the Third International Geo- 
graphical Congress and Exhibition at Venice, 1881, published by 
resolution of Congress as House Ex. Doc. No. 270, second session, 
Forty-eighth Congress, Washington, 1885. Small index maps, 
showing the distribution of completed sheets of the modern 
topographical surveys of the European countries, are very con- 
veniently published in the Geographisches Jahrbuch (Gotha) for 
1894. 
The grouped sheets provide for foreign countries much the 
same illustrations as are given of our own country by our gov- 
ernmental maps, of which a list of selected single sheets, useful 
for purposes of study and teaching, was prepared at the sugges- 
tion of the Geographical Conference held in Chicago in Christ- 
mas week, £892, and published under the title ‘““Governmental 
Maps for Use in Schools” (Holt, New York, 1894). There is, 
however, a marked difference between the home and foreign 
maps in the much greater detail of the latter. It is true that 
the maps of our Coast Survey are not excelled for minuteness of 
detail by any of the foreign maps here referred to; but the 
Coast Survey charts cover only a narrow border of land along the 
seashore. The topographical maps of the United States Geol- 
ogical Survey are less detailed; they are truly a great advance 
