494 SLIWIDIIE SS, JNO SLM YEIN IGS, 
part of the altitude that the whole Lowland district once had is 
still recognizable. In all this, the Lowlands are much like the 
broad lowland of the Connecticut valley in Massachusetts and 
Connecticut, between the uplands of the New England plateau 
on the east and west; even to the occurrence over the valley 
lowland of ridges of volcanic rocks, whose crest lines almost 
reach the altitude of the enclosing uplands. . 
It is also important to note that the depression, by which the 
valleys were drowned into fiords in the Highlands, caused the 
Lowlands to suffer a general decrease of breadth as well asa 
penetration by firths. Thus a considerable area of valuable 
ground was lost, not only for easy agricultural occupation, but 
also for the industrial pursuits connected with coal and iron 
industries, here so highly developed. 
NORTHERN ENGLAND. 
New one-inch maps, ‘‘with hills ;” sheets 23-27, 29-34, 38-44, 
48-54; these sheets had better be mounted in two groups, an 
eastern and a western. 
This series presents a topographical section across northern 
England. On the west are the revived ancient mountains of the 
Lake district of Cumberland and Westmoreland, with their radial 
vallleysa))) Ilene, as)in) the Scotch Highlands, structure has little 
influence on topography; the ridges are trendless and the dis- 
section about mature. The delta-heads in Derwentwater, Wind- 
ermere, and other lakes, the delta division of Buttermere and 
Crummochwater, and of Derwentwater and Bassenthwaite, and 
the meadows of small obliterated lakes of the Esk, Great Lang- 
dale, etc., are all easily recognizable. (See H. R. Mill, Bathy- 
metric Survey of the English Lakes. London Geogr. Journal, 
V. 1895, 46-73, 135-166.) 
The vale of Eden (Trias) separates the highlands of the 
Lake district from the strong escarpment of the Pennine chain 
(Carboniferous) on the northeast; but further south, the two 
highland areas merge. The vale of Eden is floored with drum- 
lins of large size and excellent form, trending northwest. The 
