490 SLOGLDIGES IKOMG STGLDIEIN TES, 
FRANCE. 
CARTE DE FRANCE DE L’ ETAT MAJOR.—Scale, 1:80,000. Printed 
in black, with hill-shading in hachures; altitude of various points 
in meters. Sheets about 19 by 31 inches; may be bought in 
quarter sections. 
Sale agent.—L. Baudoin, Passage Dauphine, 30, Paris. Single 
SINECUS, Al ise § GlUAVANEI SleEIS, 1.20 sus 
THE SEINE IN NORMANDY. 
SIMEEUS 1O), ZO, BO, Bil. 
This part of Normandy is chiefly a gently undulating upland, 
dissected by numerous adolescent valleys. Although the Cre- 
taceous (Chalk) and Tertiary strata of the region are, for the 
most part, nearly horizontal, the upland does not appear to be an 
initial, undenuded plain, inasmuch as geological studies indicate 
a considerable denudation as having occurred hereabouts. 
Whether the upland is a structural plain (a plain formed by the 
removal of overlying weak strata and the discovery of a more 
resistant stratum on which further denudation hesitates) or a 
peneplain of a former cycle of denudation, now elevated and 
again undergoing dissection, does not appear to be fully deter- 
mined; but I am inclined to take the latter view, from the pecu- 
liar behavior of the river Seine, as well as from the features of 
the district known as the Pays de Gray. 
Although the Seine is enclosed in a valley of steep-sloping 
sides, this beautiful river swings in large curves of notable regu- 
larity, exhibiting the smdéandres encaissés of La Noé and Margerie 
(Wes Bormes du Perrainy kanis1sse, OS), It seems) to exhibit 
in these systematic meanderings the habit of maturity or old 
age, although the steep slopes of the valley sides would not indi- 
cate a later stage of development in the present cycle than 
adolescence. The current explanation of this relation suggests 
that the habit of meandering was normally acquired by the river 
during the late stage of a well advanced earlier cycle of denuda- 
tion, and that the habit was preserved during and after the even 
uplift by which the present cycle was initiated. In common with 
