524 REVIEWS 
Salt Fork division. 
Cave Creek gypsums. 
Flower-pot shales. 
Cedar Hills sandstones. 
Salt Plain measures. 
Harper sandstones. 
Big Blue Series. 
Summer division. 
Wellington shales. 
Geuda Salt measures. 
Flint Hills division. 
Chase limestones. 
Neosha shales. 
A statement of particular significance and interest is that “In the 
past four decades geologists have repeatedly shown that the passage 
from the Carboniferous to the Permian system in Kansas is gradual 
and includes an interval of so-called Permo-Carboniferous rocks which 
combine the faunze of both systems. The evidence of continuity and: 
the question of the proper disposal of these intermediate rocks have 
led to much difference of opinion, some even having gone to the 
extreme of abandoning the Permian as a system of age, merging it in the 
Carboniferous, in attempting to avoid the difficulty of the situation. 
The Permian in America, is, however, a great and widely distributed 
system, difficult of diagnosis, though it may often be, from paucity 
of paleontological data. It is finely developed in Texas, where it has 
great thickness and has been found to have occasional fossiliferous hori- 
zons to within less than 300 feet of its summit. The Permian of the 
Kansas-Oklahoma basin undoubtedly has many similarities to that of 
Texas, but it is probably on only one or two of the terranes of the 
upper Permian, especially in the medicine lodge gypsum, that strati- 
graphic continuity or even parallelism of physico-geographic condi- 
tions can be traced between them. It therefore seems necessary to 
treat the Permian north and south of the Ouachita mountain system 
as belonging to two distinct basins, and profitless to attempt divisional 
correlation between them.” CHARLES R. KEYES. 
Wissenschafiliche Ergebnisse der Finnischen Expeditionen nach der 
Flalbinsel Kola, pp. 857 and numerous plates and maps, 
Helsingfors, 1890-92. 
The expeditions referred to in the title were sent out by the Finnish 
Society of Botany and Zodlogy, the University of Helsingfors and some 
