12 president's address. 



moreover, we turn to the most striking features of this whole cultural 

 phase, the primeval arts of sculpture, engraving, and painting, we see 

 a gradual upgrowth and unbroken tradition. From mere outline figures 

 and simple two-legged profiles of animals we are led on step by step to 

 the full freedom of the Magdalenian artists. From isolated or discon- 

 nected subjects we watch the advance to large compositions, such as 

 the hunting scenes of the Spanish rock-paintings. In the culminating 

 phase of this art we even find impressionist works. A brilliant illus- 

 tration of such is seen in the galloping herds of horses, lightly sketched 

 by the engraver on the stone slab from the Chaumont Grotto, depicting 

 the leader in each case in front of his troop, and its serried line — 

 straight as that of a well-drilled battalion — in perspective rendering. 

 The whole must be taken to be a faithful memory sketch of an exciting 

 episode of prairie life. 



The other characteristic feature of the culture of the Eeindeer Age 

 that seems to deserve special emphasis, and is almost the corollary of 

 the foregoing, is that it cannot be regarded as the property of a single 

 race. It is true that the finely built Cro-Magnon race seems to have 

 predominated, and must be regarded as an element of continuity 

 throughout, but the evidence of the co-existence of other human types 

 is clear. Of the physical characteristics of these it is not my province 

 to speak. Here it will be sufficient to point out that their interments, 

 as well as their general associations, conclusively show that they shared, 

 even in its details, the common culture of the Age, followed the same 

 fashions, plied the same arts, and were imbued with the same beliefs 

 as the Cro-Magnon folk. The negroid skeletons intercalated in the 

 aiteresting succession of hearths end interments of the Grotte des 

 Enfants at Grimaldi had been buried with the same rites, decked with 

 the same shell ornaments, and were supplied with the same red 

 colouring matter for use in the Spirit World, as we find in the other 

 sepultures of these caves belonging to the Cro-Magnon race. Similar 

 burial rites were associated in this country with the ' Eed Lady of 

 Paviland,' the contemporary Aurignacian date of which is now well 

 estabhshed. A like identity of funeral custom recurred again in the 

 sepulture of a man of the ' Briinn ' race on the Eastern boundary of this 

 field of culture. 



In other words, the conditions prevailing were analogous to 

 those of modern Europe. Cultural features of the same general 

 character had imposed themselves on a heterogeneous population. That 

 there was a considerable amount of circulation, indeed — if not of primi- 

 tive commerce — among the peoples of the Eeindeer Age is shown by 

 the diffusion of shell or fossil ornaments derived from the Atlantic, 

 the Mediterranean, or from inland geological strata. Art itself is less the 

 property of one or another race than has sometimes been imagined — 



