ON INDUSTRIAL UNREST. 275 



A. Causes. 



1. The desire for a higher standard of hving. 



2. The desire of workpeople to exercise a greater control over their 



lives, and to have some determining will as to conditions of 

 work. 



3. The uncertainty of regular employment. 



4. The monotony in employment. 



5. Suspicion and want of knowledge of economic conditions. 



6. The complaint that some labour is irregular and less satisfactory. 



7. The effects of war measures. 



B. Attempts at Diminishing Industrial Unrest. 

 These include : 



1. Conciliation and Arbitration Boards. 



2. Arbitration (a) Voluntary. 



(b) Compulsory. 



3- Profit-sharing and co-partnership. 



4- Co-operation. 



C. Recommendations. 



The aim of this investigation was to discover certain general prin- 

 ciples which must underlie an harmonious economic organisation. 

 Before the problems of industrial unrest can be solved, these prin- 

 ciples must be applied to particular industries. With their special 

 application this Committee has not dealt, and the recommendations put 

 forward include only broad principles possible of wide application. 



They may be divided into groups as they concern : 



1. The general attitude and outlook of employers and workmen. 



2. The machinery for dealing with disputes. 



3. The organisation of industry. 



4. Post-war arrangements. 



1. (i) That there should be greater frankness between employers 



and workpeople, and that they should discuss industrial 



matters together or through duly accredited representatives. 



(ii) That employers should consider the cost of labour, and not 



the wages earned by individual workmen, 

 (iii) That the fundamental facts and principles of industrial and 

 economic life should be known by both. 



2. (i) That employers and workpeople should improve their 



organisations with a view to determining jointly the con- 

 ditions under which industries should be carried on. 

 (ii) That in each industry permanent boards or committees be set 



up to consider all matters of common interest, 

 (iii) That there be a Joint National Board to which local boards 

 could refer unsettled disputes. 

 3- (i) That the necessity for co-operation between employers and 

 employed be recognised by both. 



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