PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 393 



with regard to questions such as the changes taking place below the level of 

 low water, the travel of materials in deep water, the movements of outlying 

 eand-banks, etc., which are continually happening on the coasts of the Kingdom, 

 and with regard to which the information at present is scanty and vague.' '" 



Is it not abundantly cle-ar that in economic geology, as in the case of other 

 applied sciences, we must rely in the future less upon chance individual effort 

 and initiative ? We must concentrate, centralise, and organise ; and at every 

 stage we shall need expert control and advice as regards those larger scientific 

 issues of national importance which have a direct practical bearing. 



The following Papers and Report were received : — 

 1. The Local Geology. By Professor G. A. Lebouk, F.G.S. 



2. Some Notes on the Permian of Durham. 

 By Dr. D. Woolacott, F.G.S. 



vSee ' Stratigraphy and Tectonics of the Permian of Durham, Northern 

 Area,' Proc. of the Univ. of Durham Phil. Soc, vol. iv. pt. 5, 1911-12; and 

 'Geology of N.E. Durham and S.E. Northumberland,' Proc. of Geologists' 

 Assoc, May 1912. 



3. A Plexographic Model of the Thich Coal of South Staffordshirs. 

 By W. WicKHAM King, F.G.S. 



[Plate IV.] 



Mr. E. B. Marten, C.E., of Stourbridge, between 186.5 and 1893 collected 

 over 400 levels of the thick coal of South Staffordshire and located them on 

 maps. At Professor Lapworth's suggestion, Mr. Marten and the author in 

 1893-4 endeavoured to make a map showing the contours in the thick coal, based 

 upon these levels, but the information was insufficient. 



Subsequently, with the kind help of many persons, the author increased these 

 levels to 1,798 and constructed therefrom a map on 6-inch scale depicting the 

 contours of the thick coal. The model exhibited (see plate) is made from 

 this map and is to the horizontal scale of 6 inches to the mile, while the vertical 

 scale is enlarged If. The object of the work is to throw light on the tectonics 

 of the adjacent concealed coalfields by ascertaining the detailed structure of the 

 visible coalfield. 



The 2,500 feet declivity to Hampstead is well shown. One photograph will 

 not bring out that there is a corresponding declivity of from 1,200-2,500 feet 

 from the Himley-Sedgley arete to Baggeridge. 



In this preliminary account of the model, the general structure may be 

 summarised thus : 



(1) A Central (Eowley) lidge, with a general Charnian trend (N.N.W.- 



S.S.E.) about 12 miles long, running through Blackheath to Sedgley. 



(2) Two minor ridges, sub-parallel to the central ridge : the first from Great 



Barr to Essington (6^ miles), N.E. of which the thick coal splits up into 

 several seams ; the second from Hagley, near Stourbridge, to Kingswin- 

 ford (6 miles). 

 The intervening troughs are : — 



(a) The wide Oldbury-Tipton basin E.N.E. of the central ridge. 



(b) The narrower Cradley-Pensnett syncline W.S.W. of the central ridge. 



(c) The still narrower and deeper Stourbridge-Kingswinford trough W.S.W. 



of its corresponding ridge. 



■■"' Royal Commission on Coast Erosion, etc., 1911. Third (and Final) Report, 

 pp. 160-161. 



