rORRESPONDINO SOCTRTIES. 585 



liberality has enabled them to continue their labours until thus hope was 

 realised.' 



William Pengelly was President of the Geological Section of the British 

 Association at Plymouth in 1877, and chose for the subject of his address ' The 

 History of Cavern Exploration in Devonshire.' A strong body of geologists 

 attended, and afterwards came to Torquay to witness the memorials of a 

 vanished past under the President's direction. They were enthusiastic in their 

 appreciation of the wonders of the cave and the specimens disinterred from it. 



The sixteenth and last report, presented at Swansea, records the completion 

 of the work in June 1880, and gives an account of a second and deeper excava- 

 tion in that part of the cavern named the Long Arcade. This was especially 

 interesting, being carried to an additional depth of five feet below the bottom 

 of the four-feet excavation, making a total depth of nine feet below the bottom 

 of the floor of granular stalagmite ; it was thus made almost entirely in the well- 

 known breccia. Only eighteen finds were made. Three good ' nodule ' tools 

 were met with in the eighth foot-level, and several flint chips in the ninth 

 or lowest. Of the animal remains two were bear'e teeth, and one the crown of 

 the tooth of a rhinoceros. No animal relic was found beneath the seventh 

 foot-level. 



It is worthy of remark that this second and deeper excavation yielded a 

 greater number of arch?eological than of pa]?eontological finds. 



A list comprising the more important mammals found in the cave-earth of 

 Kent's Hole may be of interest, and is therefore appended : — 



Felis leo, var. spdcea, cave lion abundant. 



Machairodus latidens, sabre-toothed tiger .... very rare. 



HyoBiia crocuta, var. spelcea, cave hysena .... very abundant. 



Canis lupus, wolf rare. 



Cants vulpes, var. spelceus, large fox rare. 



Oulo liiscus, glutton very rare. 



Ursus spelceus, cave bear abiuidant. 



Ursus ferox, grizzlj^ bear abundant. 



Ursus arctos, brown bear scarce. 



Eleplias primigenius, mammoth not very common. 



Rhinoceros tichorhinns, woolly rliinoccros .... abundant. 



E,iuus cubalbis, horse very abundant. 



Bos primigeniHS, urus scarce. 



Bison priscus, bison abundant. 



Cervus megaceros, Irish elk not uncommon. 



Cervus elaphus, stag abundant. 



Cervus larandus, reindeer abundant. 



Lepus timidus, hare rare. 



Lagortiys spdoeus, cave pika very rare, 



Arvicola amphibius, water vole rare. 



Arvicola agrestis, field vole rare. 



Arvicola pratensis, bank vole very rare. 



Castor fiber, beaver scarce. 



The fauna of the breccia consisted almost exclusively of remains of bear, 

 but there were traces also of lion, fox, and deer. 



Calling attention to a matter of great importance in comparing the implements 

 found in the breccia and the cave-earth, my father writes :^ 



' A glance at the implements from the two deposits ehows that they are very 

 dissimilar. Those from the breccia are much more rudely formed, more 

 massive, have less symmetry of outline, and were made by operating, not on 

 flal-es purposely struck off from nodules of flint or chert, as in the case of 

 those from the cave-earth, but directly on the nodules themselves, all_ of which 

 appear to have been obtained from accumulations of supracretaceous flint gravel, 

 such as occur about four miles from the cavern. There seems no doubt that the 

 breccia men were ruder than those of the cave-earth, and this is borne out 

 by the fact that, whilst the men represented by the less ancient deposit made 

 bone tools and ornaments — harpoons for spearing fish, eyed needles or bodkin.s. 

 probably for joining skine to^etheij-, ^wls, perhaps to fafilitate the passage of 



