TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION E. 223 



and lowered the base level of the email streams which have since cut out the 

 chines. It also produced the sand beach. 



The position of the town on the South Coast 100 miles from London is a prime 

 factor in its development. It was beyond the reach of the cheap tripper, but 

 within easy reach for the long-date visitor, and has become primarily a resort of 

 the latter type of seaside visitor. It first appeared in the Census report in 1871, 

 but not in 1881, and it became a borough in 1890 and a county borough in 1900, 

 so that its growth has been very rapid. The striking feature in its population is 

 the very high proportion of females to maJes : this has ranged from 1762 to 1556 

 to 1000. 



Bournemouth arose after the construction of the earlier railways. The oldest 

 line in the neighbourhood, the Southampton and Dorchester, was opened in 1847 ; 

 it entirely ignores this town. Afterwards, as the town grew and gave rise to 

 traffic, the lines were gradually extended to it. It is an interesting example of 

 roads following the growth of the settlement — not preceding or causing the 

 settlement. 



• For fresh water the town depends on deep wells. The site lacks surface 

 supplies, and hence was unsuitable for dwellings before it was possible to distri- 

 bute water from a distance— a fact which prevented earlier growth here. 



It has no local industry, other than the retail occupations required to supply 

 local needs. The most important sections of the population are : — 



1. Persons who have retired from active life by reason of age or ill-health. 



2. Persons here on long visits for reasons of health. 



These account for the great excess of females, partly because the sons of such 

 families are more generally out in the world than the daughters, and partly 

 because they employ a large number of domestic servants. And while the direct 

 government of the town is mainly, in the hands of the local trading class it is 

 dominated by the classes just mentioned. They are the spending section, and 

 the town is organised for their comfort and convenience. Such towns are a 

 direct result of those economic changes which have produced a new class in 

 modern society, the class of wealthy, but non-localised people — shareholders who 

 have no function in the industry from which they draw incomes and people living 

 on pensions or savings. This class has made such towns as Bournemouth and 

 determines its character. 



WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 9. 

 The following Papers were read : — 



1. The Fuliire of Turkey. By H. Charles Woods. 



History has proved that the Near East has been the scene of, and the cause 

 of, war after war, and from the moment of the entry of Turkey on the side 

 ut the Central Po-.vers the problems connected with her future have been among 

 the most important questions to come up for settlement by the Peace Conference. 



For the purposes of that settlement Turkey means not only the areas which 

 formed an actual part of the Ottoman Dominions at the time of the outbreak 

 of the war but also the ^gean Islands, especially those occupied by Italy after 

 the Turco-Italian campaign, the Island of Cyprus, and last, but not least, the 

 districts of Erivan, Kars, and Batum, annexed by Kussia after the war of 

 1877-1878. 



Two principal conditions must be fulfilled in these areas. Firstly, safe- 

 guards must be established against a continued or a renewed danger of Pan- 

 German control in territories the domination over which formed a prominent 

 part of the ' Drang nach Osten.' And, secondly, the misgovernment and oppres- 

 sion carried on or permitted by the Turkish Government must cease. 



These being the areas under discussion and the conditions to be realised, it 

 will be found that there are certain already existing arrangements possessed 

 of an influence upon the future. Among these arrangements, the effect of which 

 was given in the paper, are the Treaty of Lausanne, the decision of the London 

 Ambassadorial Conference in regard to the /Egean Islands, the then secret Treaty 



