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ON COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND ITS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS. 39 
‘Electrolytic endosmose. Horacr G. Brrers and CARL H. WAuTER, Jowr. Am. 
Chem. Soc. 36, 2284 (1914). 
Complicated endosmotic experiments with three and six compartment cells. 
‘Electrolytic processes of diaphragms.’ I. Disturbance of Neutrality. ALBRECHT 
BETHE and T. Toroporr, Zeit. Phys. Chem. 88, 686 (1914). 
With organic diaphragms electro-osmose causes H* concentration to decrease at 
anode side and increase at the cathode side. Electrolytes in solution affect the speed 
with which the neutrality is disturbed. The order of anions and cations recalls the 
Hofmeister series, 
‘Electrolytic processes at diaphragms.’ (I. The dependence of the magnitude and 
direction of the concentration changes and the water movement upon the hydro- 
gen ion concentration. A. BETHE and T, Toroporr, Zeit. Phys. Chem., 89, 637 
(1915). 
Article includes a number of experiments on electrical endosmose with gelatin, 
albumin, collodion, animal and other membranes. Interface potential is an ionic 
adsorption phenomenon ; electrical endosmose depends both upon interface potential 
and the relative hydration of mobile ions. 
‘The relation of osmose of solutions of electrolytes to membrane potentials.’ Theo- 
retical. F. E. BARKER and C. D. HockER, Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., 38, 1029 
(1916). 
Author combines ionic adsorption theory with Nernst diffusion theory to account 
for polarization of membrane. 
‘The osmose of some solutions of electrolytes with porcelain membranes and the 
relation of osmose to membrane potential.’ F. E. BARTELL and C. D. HocKER, 
Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., 38, 1036 (1916). 
‘ Negative osmosis.’ H&rRBERT FREUNDLIOHN, Zeit. Kolloidchemie, 18, 11 (1916). 
(Original article not available.) 
LOU: 
‘ Blectrical endosmose, I. T. R. Briaa@s, Jour. Phys. Chem., 21, 198 (1917). 
Complete historical summary with references to literature. Critical study of 
different theories of electro-osmose and contact potentials. Author prefers ionic 
adsorption hypothesis of Freundlich and Bancroft. 
‘ Blectrical endosmose and adsorption.’ T. R. Brices, H. L, Prerson, and H,§, 
BENNETT, Zrans. Am. Electrochem. Soc., 81, 257 (1917). 
See below. 
1918. 
Electrical endosmose, IJ. T. R. Briacs, H. S. BENNETT, and H. L. Pierson, 
Jour. Phys. Chem., 22, 256 (1918). 
Authors describe new and convenient electro-osmometer and study the relation 
between the rate of endosmose and voltage, temperature and other factors. Data 
tend to confirm ionic adsorption theory. 
ELECTRICAL ENDOSMOSE. II. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS, 
By T. R. Briaes, Cornell University. 
INTRODUCTION. 
During recent years increasing attention has been paid to the 
possibility of making some practical application of electro-kinetic 
processes, including electrical endosmose.' It is proposed in this 
report to indicate to what extent and in what direction these in- 
‘dustrial applications have been attempted and to elucidate, wherever 
‘ 
necessary and whenever possible, the principles involved. Owing 
1 Cf, Foerster : Llektrochemie, 116 (1915); Kruyt: Chem. Weekblad 14, 766 (1917); 
Chem. Abstr., 11, 2984 (1917) ; Lewis : Jour. Soc. Chem. Ind., 35, 575 (1916). 
20895 B4 
