ON COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND ITS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS. 49 
It was found experimentally that the efficiency remained the 
same. for each of the above pressures but increased as the 
pores in the diaphragm became finer because the discharge 
ot water at constant pressure was thereby lessened. 
1910. 
132, Jan. 3. F. Arledter, Hamburg. Electric sizing of paper 
(cataphoresis ? ). 
25175, Oct. 29. Alcock and Co. Proprietary Ltd., Melbourne. 
Drying timber by-electrical endosmose. Stand timber on 
end in shaliow vessel as cathode containing a small quantity 
of conducting liquid and connect top of timber with suitable 
anode. Sap is driven endosmotically out of timber into 
lower vessel, following which solutions of resin, sugar or creo- 
sote may be driven in from above and the timber impregnated 
with preservative. 
DIT 
3364, Feb. 9. B. Schwerin. Accelerates process of electro- 
osmose (cataphoresis) by adding acids (acetic acid, COs, ete.) 
to those substances which migrate to cathode and bases 
(NaOH, NH,OH) to those substances which migrate to anode. 
Hastens draining of peat by adding a little alkali to the pulp. 
An interesting application of Perrin’s rule. In 2379 (1911) 
Schwerin patents use of acids to peptize substances (elutriate) 
which wander to cathode and bases to peptize substances 
which wander to anode. 
11626, May 13. B. Schwerin. Adding electrolytes, especially 
Na,SO, to peat. Data on improvement which results are not 
particularly convincing. 
17597, Aug. 2. Felten and Guilleaume Carlswerk A. G., Carl- 
swerk, Claim use of non-aqueous solvents in electro-osmotic 
(cataphoresis) separations. Separation of dyes in alcohol, ete 
27931, Dec. 12. B. Schwerin. In 3364 (1911) use of electrolytes has 
been claimed. In order to cause deposits at electrodes to 
adhere more firmly to latter add electro-positive or electro- 
negative [adsorbed] colloids. For example, peptizes clay 
with a little sodium silicate, allows coarse particles to settle out 
and electrolyzes. With 100 volts and 1°6 amps., obtains 140 g., 
containing 65 per cent. clay, in 5 minutes. Clay adsorbs 
electro-negative colloidal silicic acid from water glass and is 
carried to the anode. 
28185, Dec. 14. Gesellschaft ftir Elektro-osmose (Schwerin). 
Frankfurt alM. Dewatering and purifying clay. Defloc- 
culates clay with dilute NaOH, allows thin slip so made to 
settle in vats, and finally treats in “electro-osmose” machine. 
Electrolyte added supposed to peptize clay and coagulate 
impurities. 
1912. 
725, Jan. 9. Gesellschaft fiir Electro-osmose. Frankfurt a/M. 
Apparatus (osmose machine) for purifying and dewatering 
clay. Rotating cylinder anode and wire gauze cathode. Cir_ 
