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ON COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND ITS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS. 63 
1 Knoevenegal, ibid. 24, 504 (1911). 
1 Patents. Compare Suvern, Die kwnstliche Seide, Berlin (1900), 
12 Compare Marsden, Journ. Soc. Dyers 5 Cols. 21, 103 (1905). 
18 Compare Worden, Jour». Soc. Chem. Ind. 31, 1064 (1912). 
Cellulose Formate. 
4 Berl & Smith, Ber. 40, 903 (1907). 
18 Woodbridge, Journ. Amer. Chem. Soc. 81, 1070 (1909). 
16 Deming, iid. 38, 1519 (1911). 
W Worden, Journ. Soc. Chem. Ind. 31, 1064 (1912). 
18 Worden, Nitrocellulose Industry, pp. 1004-1006. 
19 Cross, Trans. Chem. Soc. 99, 1450 (1911). 
20 Kneckt, 7th Int. Cong. App. Chem., London, 1909. 
21 Cellulose Propionate. See refs. 14 & 15. 
22 Cellulose Butyrate. Aceto-Butyrate, palmitate and phenyl-acetate. Henchel, 
D.R.P. 12817/00 
*3 Cellulose Phospho-formate. Vereinigte Glanzstoff Fabr. E.P. 29246/10; 309/11. 
*4 Cellulose. Aceto-Nitrate. Berl. & Watson Smith, Ber. 40, 903 (1907). 
25 Cellulose Acetosulphate and Acetobenzoate, Cross, Bevan, & Briggs, Ber. 38, 
1859, 3561 (1905). 
26 Cellulose Nitrosulphate. Cross & peer Researches, 1900-5, pp. 51-53. 
77 Cellulose Nitrosulphate. Cross, Bevan, & Jenks, Ber. 34, 3496 (1908). 
*8 Cellulose Nitrosulphate. Hake & Lewis, Jowrn. Soc. Chem. Ind. 24, 374, 914 
(1905). 
*9 Benzoate. Cross & Bevan, Cellulose. p. 32; Researches, I. p. 34. 
30 Methylated Celluloses. Denham & Wacihntse. Trans. Chem. Soc., 1735 (1913) ; 
2357 (1914) ; 244 (1917). 
31 Kthylated Celluloses. Lilienfeld, F.P. 447974 (1912). 
3? Phenylated Celluloses. Nastjukoff, Jowrn. Russ. Phys. Chem. Soc. 34, 231, 
505 (1902). Compare Journ. Soc. Chem. Ind. Abstracts 1302 (1962); 414 (1903) ; 
282 (1907). 
Viscose. 
When treated with caustic soda and carbon disulphide cellulose 
forms a xanthogenate soluble in water.1~”’ <A solution of this sub- 
stance increases in viscosity on standing and eventually sets to a 
jelly. This change is known as ripening and is considered by 
Cross and Bevan to be due to the formation of compounds of 
increasing complexity. This phenomenon appears to be quite 
analogous to the setting of a gelatine jelly, although recent patents® 
indicate that the oxygen of the air may play some part in it. It is 
interesting to note that if the cellulose is left in contact with the 
caustic soda for some time before conversion into viscose a less 
viscous solution is produced.? 
(1D) Viscose. 
Cross & Bevan, Cellulose, p. 25; Researches, pp. 27, 107. 
Schwalbe, Die Cellulose, p. 332. 
Cross, Bevan, & Beadle, E.P. 8700 (1892). 
Cross, Bevan, & Beadle, Trans. Chem. Soc. §8, 837 (1893). 
Cross, Bevan, & Beadle, Jowrn. Soc. Chem. Ind. 12, 498 (1893). 
Cross, Bevan, & Beadle, Ber. 34, 1513 (1901). 
7 Beltzer, Koll. Zeit. 8, 177 (1911) ; 9, 76, 120 (1911). 
§ Courtaulds, Glover, & Wilson. E.P. 13, 005 (1914) ; 14675 (1914). 
® Cross & Bevan, Researches (1900-5), p. 107. 
anwewns re 
Artificial Silk. 
The preparation of artificial silk! is dependent on the coagulation 
of a cellulose solution, and it is found that the viscosity of the 
solution influences the nature? * of the fibres obtained, 
