ON COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND ITS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS. 67 
measuring those mechanical properties of sized yarns which deter- 
mine their value in weaving. 
(M) Sizing, Starch, Se. 
1 See Brown, First Report, p. 38. 
2 Stocks, First Report, p. 46. 
3 Harrison, Koll. Zeit..9, 5 (1911) 
4 Harrison, Jowrn. Soc. Dyers 5 Cols., 2°97 p. 84 (1911). 
>» Samec, Kolloidchem. Beiheft. 3, 123 (1911). 
6 Samec, ibid. 4, 132 (1912). 
7 Samec & Hoefft, ibid. 5, 141 (1913). 
8 Samec, ibid. 6, 23 (1914). 
9 Samec & Jencic, ibid. 7, 137 (1915). 
10 Samec, ibid. 8, 33 (1916). 
1 Rakowski, Koll. Zeit. 9, 225 (1912); 10, 22 (1912); 11, 19, 51, 269 (1913). 
12 Harrison, Journ. Soc. Dyers & Cols., 32, 40 (1916). 
13 Whowell, Zeat. Inst. Journal 2, 43 (1911). 
14 Barger & Starling, Trans. Chem. Soc., 441 (1915). 
1s Barger & Field, Trans. Chem. Soc., 1394 (1916). 
Scouring (Soap, &c.). 
The scouring of textiles is mainly a colloid-chemical process. 
In the case of cotton the impurities to be removed are fats and 
colloidal matters usually termed pectic substances. These latter 
form colloidal substances in alkali, by which they are removed from 
the cotton. In recent patents?! substances of colloidal character, 
starch and albumenoids, are used in conjuuction with caustic alkalis 
as scouring agents, and apparently these. substances act as protective 
colloids during the scouring process. 
In the case of wool the impurities consist mainly of fat, although 
some protein matters are present in the “suint.’” The removal ot 
this fat is effected by a dilute solution of soap. 
The nature of the process of scouring has recently been investi- 
gated from the colloid-chemical standpoint” and numerous important 
points deduced. 
The impurities in silk consist mainly of albumenoid and are 
removed by dilute solution of soap. 
(N) Scouring Soap, Sc. 
1 Chevreul, Recherches sur les Corps gras d'origine animale Paris (1823). 
’ 2 Krafft, Ber., 2'7, 1747 (1894) ; 28, 2566 (1895); 29, 1328 (1896) ; 32, 1584, 
1899. 
3 Kahlenberg & Schreiner, Zeit. f. Phys. Chem., 27, 559 (1899), 
‘Cornish, ibid., 81, 42 (1899). 
» Donnan, ibid., 31, 44 (1899). 
§ Donnan & White, Trans. Chem. Soc., 1668 (1899). 
7 Browden, ibid., 191 (1899). 
§ Goldschmidt, Seifen fabr., 1247 (1902). 
® Smits, Zeit. f. Phys. Chem. 45, 608 (1903). 
0 Leimdorfer, Seifenseider Zeitung Ausgberg, (1906). 
11 Meyer, Schaeffer & Terroine, Comp. Rend., 146, 484 (1907). 
2 Spring, Koll. Zeit., 4, 162 (1909); 6, 11, 109, 164 (1910). 
13 Leimdorfer, Kolloidchem. Beihefte, 2, 243 (1910). 
™ Donnan & Potts, Koll. Zeit, '7, 208 (1911). 
18 Reychler, ibid., 12, 18, 277 (1913); 13, 252 (1914). 
© Arndt & Schiff, Kolloid. Beihefte, 6, 201 (1914) 
7 Kurzmann, ibid, 5 433 (1014). 
18 McBain, Zrans. Faraday Soc., 9, 99 (1913). 
20895 G 
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