H. — ANTHROPOLOGY. 141 



with greater insight, the methods which are coming into use in 

 epidemiology and psychology. 



I should like to enlarge a little further on these three insistencies, 

 the fundamental ' planks ' of the campaign I have in view. 



(i) Insistence on the Nature of the Material to be dealt with. 



I have already tried to indicate that the problems before us to-day, 

 the grave problems that are pressing on us with regard to the future, 

 cannot be solved by the old material and by the old methods. We have 

 to make anthropology a wise counsellor of the State, and this means 

 a counsellor in political matters, in commercial matters, and in social 



matters. 



The Governments of Europe have had military advisers, financial 

 advisers, transport and food experts in their service, but they have 

 not had ethnological advisers ; there have been no highly trained anthro- 

 pologists at their command. You have only to study the Peace of 

 Versailles to see that it is ethnologically unsound and cannot be per- 

 manent. It is no good asking why our well-meaning rulers did not 

 consult our well-meaning anthropologists. I for one confess that 

 we have not in the past dealt with actuality, or if we did deal with 

 actuality, we have not treated it in a manner likely to impress either 

 the executive or the public at large. There lacked far too largely 

 the scientific attitude and the fundamental specialist training. I will 

 not go so far as to say that, if the science of man had been developed 

 to the extent of physical science in all European countries, and had 

 then had its due authority recognised, there would have been no war, 

 but I will venture to say that the war would have been of a different 

 character, and we should not have felt that the fate of European society 

 and of European culture hung in the balance, as at this moment th«y 

 certainly do. 



No one can allow individual inspiration to-day, and you may justly 

 cry a Daniel has no right to issue judgment from the high seat of 

 the feast. Daniel's business is that of the outsider, the stranger, the 

 unwelcome person interpreting, probably his own, scrawling on the wall. 



Well, if it be hard to learn from friends, let us at least study 

 impassionately from our late foes. Some of my audience may have 

 read the recent manifesto of the German anthropologists, tlieir clarion 

 cry for a new and stronger position of the science of man in academic 

 studies. But the manifesto may have escaped some, and so closely 

 does it fit the state of affairs here that I venture to quote certain portions 

 of it. After reciting the sparsity of chairs for the study of physical and 

 cultural anthropology in the German universities and how little academic 

 weight has been given to such studies, it continues: 'Where these 

 sciences have otherwise found recognition in the universities, they are 

 not represented by specialists, so that anthropology is provided for by 

 the anatomists, ethnology by the geographers, and prehistory by 

 Germanists, archaeologists and geologists, and this although, in the 

 present extent of these three sciences, the real command of each one of 

 them demands the complete working powers of an individual. This want 



