148 SECTIONAL ADDRESSES. ' 



appointed, who have nob been trained ad hoc. But this is remedying 

 itself, and if indeed, when we start, we also do not at first limp some- 

 what lamely along these very paths, it will only be because we have 

 the advantage of American experience. 



There is little wonder that in America anthropology is no longer the 

 stepchild of the State. It has demanded its heritage, and shown that 

 it can use it for the public good. 



If I have returned to my first insistence that the problems handled 

 by tbie anthropologist shall be those useful to the State, it is because 

 I have not seen that point insisted upon in this country, and it is 

 because my first insistence, like my third, involves the second for its 

 effectiveness— the establishment in our chief universities of anthro- 

 pological institutes. As Gustav Schwalbe said of anthropology in 1907 

 — and he was a man who thought before he spoke, and whose death 

 during the war is a loss to anthropologists the whole wt^rld over — ' a 

 lasting improvement can only arise if the State recognises that anthro- 

 pology is a science pre-eminently of value to the State, a science which 

 not only deserves but can demand that chairs shall be officially estab- 

 lished for it in every university. . . Only this spread of officially 

 authorised anthropology in all Gennan universities can enable it to fulfil 

 its task, that of training men who, well armed with the weapon of 

 anthropological knowledge, will be able to place their skill at the service 

 of the State, which will ever have need of them in increasing numbers.' ' 



Our universities are not, as in Germany, Government-controlled 

 institutions, although such control is yearly increasing. Here we have 

 first to show that we are supporting the State before the State somewhat 

 grudgingly will give its support to us. Hence the immediate aim of the 

 anthropologist should be — not to suggest that the State should a ■priori 

 assist work not yet undertaken, but to do what he can with the limited 

 resources in his power, and when he has shown that what he has 

 achieved is, notwithstanding his limitations, of value to the State, then 

 he is in a position to claim effective support for his science. 



I have left myself little time to place fairly before you my third 

 insistence. 



(iii) Insistence on the Adoption of a New Technique. 



"What is it that a young man seeks when he enters the university — 

 if we put aside for a moment any social advantages, such as the forma- 

 tion of lifelong friendships associated therewith? He seeks, or ought 

 to seek, training for the mind. He seeks, or ought to seek, an open 

 door\\'ay to a calling which will be of use to himself, and wherein he 

 will take his part, a useful part, in the social organisation of which 

 he finds himself a member. Much as we may all desire it, in the 

 pressure of modern life, it is very difficult for the young man of moderate 

 means to look upon the university training as something apart from 

 his professional training. Men more and more select their academic 

 studies with a view to their professional value. We can no longer com- 

 bine the senior wranglership with the pursuit of a judgeship ; we cannot 



* Correspond enz Blatt, Jahrg, xxxviii., S. 68. 



