290 REPORTS ON THE STATE OP SCIENCE. — 1920. 



Friendly attitude of all classes except the criminal class to the police. 



Juvenile offenders. Prevention better than cure. 



Schools rather than prisons. The Borstal system. Eeformatories. 



Police-court Missions and Discharged Prisoners' Aid Societies. 



Perils attaching to misuse of cinematograph shows. 



The young of both sexes to be instructed in the laws which they are called to 

 obey, and to be taught that the law is the only safeguard of liberty, as 

 civilised men, although subject to more control, enjoy far more liberty 

 than uncontrolled savages. 



9. Public Health. 



Health of the nation a chief concern of the country or city. 



The Prime Minister's statement that a million more men would have been 



available for military service had the conditions of physical welfare been 



observed. 

 Impossibility of making an A 1 nation out of C 3 men. 

 Every child to have the chance of a healthy physical and moral life. 

 The State slowly waking up to its duty in respect of public health. 

 Reports of Medical Officers of Health. 

 Health Insurance Act. 

 Royal Commissions. 



Provision of hospitals, clinics, and nurses. 

 Legislation affecting mines and factories. 

 Laws of Health. 

 Habits making for good health — 



(1) Exercise — sports — swimming — outdoor life. 



(2) Cleanliness — body and mind. 



(3) Temperance in every way 



(4) Insistence on good ventilation. 



Many diseases shown by experience to be wholly or nearly preventable, e.g. 



small-pox, diphtheria, and, above all, hydrophobia. Leprosy and Black 



Death long since extinct in Great Britain. Ravages of venereal disease. 



Report of Royal Commission. Immediate measures to be taken for check- 

 ing and curing the disease. 

 Sanitation itself — a recent studv. Effort and achievement of Sir E. Chadwick. 



Importance of good sanitary conditions in schools. Neglect of conditions 



even in public schools. 

 Statistics of infantile mortality. Need of instruction upon maternity. Peril 



of drunkenness to health and life. 

 Clinics. Care of crippled and defective children. 

 Treatment of defective eyesight. 



Crusade against dangerous employment. White lead. ' Phossy jaw.' 

 Warm clothing as a preventive of chills and consequent maladies. Injury 



that women may do to themselves by following fashions in dress, 

 Provision of nurses for the poor in their homes during sickness. 

 Cleanliness. Free public baths. 

 Free medical attendance. 



Hospitals at present inadequate to number of patients. 

 Questions of hospitals voluntarily supported as against hospitals dependent on 



the rates. 

 Welfare work. 

 A healthy and skilful body of workers, upright in character and self-reliant — 



a source of strength to the country. 



10. Life Assurance and Pensions. 



Democratic conception of government — that it is the duty of the Government 

 to take at the public expense such measures as will give every citizen a 

 chance of working while his strength lasts, and of living in peace when 

 work is no longer possible. 



In time past the poor have been haunted by the dread of old age, without the 

 power of working, without resources, and without children or friends 

 who might be willing and able to support them. The life of the poor to 

 be set free from this anxiety. 



