ON TRAINING IN CITIZENSHIP. 293 



(c) P^-eedom of speech, of public meeting, of political seiitinierit, of 

 religious worship, (d) Progress. 

 Grovernment of subject peoples to be always directed to their advancement and 

 improvement — instances of failure, New Zealand in the thirties and South 

 Africa subsequently. 



14. National Unity. 



Citizens in time of peace apt to make too much of divisions and dissensions. 



Consciousness of unity inspired by the crisis of the Great War. 

 Great Britain, and England itself, a witness to the possibility of fusing different 



elements, Anglo-Saxon and Norman characteristics. ' We are a people 



yet.' 

 How and why Scotland accepted union with England and made the most of it. 



Why Anglo-Irish Parliamentary Union has not been successful. 

 National imity involves the subordination of the party spirit to the good of 



the whole. 

 All in danger of prosecuting sectional and not national ends. 

 Foi'eign affairs. Taken, by mutual consent among parties, out of the range of 



party warfare. 

 The Crown as the centre of national unity. Benefit of a supreme authority 



which is independent of the vicissitudes of political fortune. 

 Lessons of the War not to be lost in peace. 



The ideal of national unity to be taught in schools and advocated from pulpits. 

 No hindrance to unity greater than social or political privilege which cannot 



be overcome ; caste a bar to all progress. 

 Glory of Great Britain that the humblest citizen may rise to the highest places. 

 Preeidents of the United States, e.g. Lincoln. 

 National unity to be regarded as a means of upholding right. 



15. Patriotism. 



The sentiment natural to civilised humanity. 



Pride in nationality and national life. Each citizen a member of the Nation 

 and Empire. 



Spirit of service, sacrifice and sympathy — traditions of achievements in appli- 

 cation of ideals — atmosphere. 



Children to learn at school patriotic poetry, e.g. Shakespeare and Scott. Value 

 of learning poetry by heart as inspiring noble ideas. 



Patriotism either false or true. Chauvinism and Jingoism, forms of false 

 patriotism. 



German patriotism before the War both aggressive and immoral, as taking no 

 account of the rights or claims of other nations than Germany. Evil 

 tradition of military power descending from Frederick the Great in 

 Germany. Influence of modern historians, e.g. Treitschke. 



Issue of the War. 



The collapse of false patriotism. 



True patriotism recognises an ascending scale of duties from family to city, 

 from city to country, from country to humanity; as the interest of 

 family at times must give way to that of city or country, so must the 

 interest of city or country give way to that of humanity. 



No patriotism justifiable unless it is such as can be inculcated in all countries 

 without injury to any one country. True patriotism independent of 

 politics. 



Patriotism and Imperialism — not the same, but often confused. Patriotism, 

 however, not complete without induding something of the Imperial 

 spirit. 



The League of Nations the supreme instrument for moralising international life. 



Citizens to be all instructed in the obligation of service to the State. Example 

 of Japan. 



The Public School spirit which has so signally vindicated itself in the War 

 to be encouraged in all secondary and elementary schools. 



