296 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE. — 1920. 



Love of home one of the most potent forces in human nature, but impossible 

 unless there are comfortable homes. 



Need of provision, especially in those parte of Great Britain which are rapidly 

 becoming vast cities. 



Difl&culty of constructing houses for which it is possible to charge a remunera- 

 tive rent. 



The whole strength of a municipality to be employed under Parliamentary 

 sanction in improving the houses of the poor. 



20. Teinperance. 



Drink the greatest national evil. The source of three-fourths of the crime and 



misery in the nation. Physiological effect of alcohol. 

 Amount of the national bill for drink even during the War. 

 Waste of foodstufis. 



No private interest to be allowed to stand in the way of reform. 

 The nation cannot afford to be a drunken nation. 



Question of the drink trade not local but national. Local option to be the out- 

 come of national control. 

 Local trade and politics. Tied houses. Relation of brewers to publicans. 



Clubs to be treated like public-houses and beer-houses. 

 Effect of prohibition of vodka in Russia. 

 Prohibition in U.S.A. Not so much a social as an industrial measure. A 



guarantee for industrial efficiency. Estimated to increase efficiency by 



10 per cent. 

 Two influences making for temperance : (1) Women's votes, (2) Education in 



elementary schools. 

 Work of the Central Liquor Control Board during the War. 

 Similar, if not the same, control necessary in peace. 

 Nationalisation or State purchase of the liquor trade. 

 Argument for nati'onalisation. So Jong a.s private interest in the sale of 



liquor exists, the State is exposed to inevitable danger. Take away 



motive of self-interest and improvement will become possible. 

 The late Earl Grey's project of disinterested management. 

 Owners of public-houses to be made responsible fer ' drunkenness occurring in 



them. 

 Duty of State to remove temptation as far as possible from citizens. 

 Gain of excluding children from public-houses. 

 In the present rivalries of the nations, Great Britain must become sober, or it 



will lose its pride of place. 

 Temperance societies and their campaign for national sobriety. 



21. Leisure and Recreation. 



Daily life and its division into working, leisure, and sleeping periods. 



Necessity for useful and strenuous work as opposed to slothfulness, idleness, 

 and luxury. 



Problems of idleness and luxury. Gossiping. Street-corner and public-house 

 idlers. 



The danger of morbid introspection. 



The influence of habit upon development. 



Many persons ruined through inability to employ non-working periods properly. 



Importance of proper amount and kind of recreation. 



Change from, and foil to, work. 



Suitable recreation for manual Avorkers. sedentary workers, and brain-workers. 



Demand for more leisure-time from physical work. 



Leisure-time not to be wasted in idleness but to be profitably occupied in neces- 

 sary rest, home duties, civic duties, amusements, and self-development. 



Due proportion of leisure-time to be given to self-improvement or self-develop- 

 ment. 



Self -development — hobbies — ^literature — music — art, &c. 



Adequate provision of facilities — libraries, &c. 



