368 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS. — H. 



that of the modern Egyptians, whereas the index of Cyprus is the upper facial 

 index which most closely approximates to that of the modern Egyptian. The 

 standard deviations again suggest that there may be a mixture of race. 



In dealing with pigmentation there are two points of special importance. 

 First, in Albania and Cyprus about one man in ten has blue eyes, and even 

 in dark Crete one man in twenty ; and secondly, there is evidence to 

 show that pigmentation distinguishes the Western Alpines from their Eastern 

 congeners the Armenoids. Pigmentation does not appear to bear a definite 

 correlation to cephalic index. 



Summing up the evidence, we may say that at both boundaries of the Greek 

 world there are two racial types of comparative homogeneity, and that those 

 intermediate pexiples who present local divergencies are very variable. 



As far as our present evidence goes, the division into numerous local types 

 would appear to serve no useful purpose. We have not at present sufficient 

 information to discuss the physical anthropology of Greece proper ; such as we 

 have would appear to justify the assertion that the numerous small communities 

 of the ancient Mediterranean differed physically; that is to say, that there was a 

 physical background to the struggles between Amathus and Salamis, Athens 

 and Sparta. To suppose that it is possible to establish a Greek type and to 

 distinguish between Hellene and Barbarian does not appear justifiable. 



It has been suggested that the Nordic race has contributed to the popula- 

 tion of Greek lands, but the presence of fair Alpines would account for the 

 blue-eyed people of ancient Greece. 



In conclusion, then, while admitting the presence of numerous minor differ- 

 ences sufficiently great to make it necessary to know the exact provenance of 

 any anthropological data we may wish to examine, it would not seem possible 

 at present to assign any definite racial position to the Greeks, but rather to 

 class them as representing a combination, probably early in date, of Alpines 

 and Mediterranean stocks, both of which are found sporadically in a compara- 

 tively unmixed state in some parts of the Greek world. 



14. Mr. S. 0. Casson. — Excavations of the British School at 



Athens at Mycenae, 1920. 

 In the area known as the Grave Circle on the Acropolis traces of early 

 Bronze Age and Neolithic cultures were discovered. It seems certain that 

 there was a continuous mainland civilisation stretching back to the beginning 

 of the second millennium B.C. It has been possible to classify chronologically 

 the works of the different generations of dynasts, and it seems that all the 

 greater and more impressive monuments of Mycenae belong to the latest pha«e 

 of Mycenaean culture. 



15. Mr. J. Whitaker. — Excavations at Motya, N.-W. Sicily. 



16. Mr. P. E. Newberry. — Some early connections between 



Egqipt, Syria, and Babylonia. 



Afternoon. 



17. Prof. W. M. Flinders Petrie, F.Il.fi.— Recent Worlc 



in Egypt. 



18. Mr. E. Campbell Thompson. — The Earliest Inhabitants 



of Babylonia. 



Friday, August 27. 



19. Prof. H. J. Fleure. — The Scheme of the Welsh Depart- 



ment of the Board of Education for the collection of 

 Rural Tjore through the agency of Schools. 



20. Mr. H. KiDNER. — Round Barrows in the New F'orest that 



do not conform to either of the three generally recognised 

 types. 



