PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. 403 



In addition were issued Palaeontological maps, Miiieralogical maps, and 

 many others, specialising more and more as additional students came into the 

 held. Then followed the maps of Geikie and his contemporaries, and finally 

 those issued by the Geological Survey — at first hand-coloured, but now colour- 

 printed, and as nearly perfect as it is possible to be, in this country. 



Besides these separately published maps, mention should be made of the 

 beautiful examples of mapping occurring in various valuable monographs issued 

 in the early part of last century, MacCuIloch's ' Western Isles of Scotland,' 

 Phillips' ' Geology of York.shire,' and Mantell and Dixon's monographs on Sussex 

 Geology being representative of their kind. 



Privately-printed maps of the geology of portions of our country exist, the 

 three most noteworthy perhaps being Sanders' map of the Bristol Coalfield, 

 Jordan's ' London District,' and Elias Hall's ' Lancashire Coalfield.' 



That of WUliam Sanders was the most elaborate and complete geological 

 map ever privately published in Great Britain. It was in nineteen sheets, 

 each 30 in. by 24 in., on the scale of 4 in. =1 mile, and was issued to subscribers 

 at 3^. 19?. plain, il. 19.?. coloured. It was published by Lavars, of Bristol, 

 from whom I obtained my copy, said to be a ' second edition,' though I cannot 

 find that it differs in any way from the original issue. Two hundred and 

 twenty parishes around Bristol are included ; every line is the result of Sanders' 

 own work, which occupied the summer months for twelve years. Each of the 

 nineteen sheets covers about 45 square miles. So reliable was his work that 

 the Geological Survey practically adopted it, or at any rate included the informa- 

 tion it contained, for the Government maps, as was fully acknowledged by 

 De la Beche in vol. i. of the ' Survey Memoirs,' 1864, page 126, as follows : 

 ' We are here anxious to acknowledge the great assistance the Geological Society 

 L Survey] has derived from the labours of Mr. William Sanders, of Bristol, who 

 most handsomely placed at the disposal of the Survey his beautiful maps of 

 the country bounded by the Severn and Bristol Channel from Purton Passage 

 to Clifden, and thence inland by Chipping Sodbury, in one direction, and by 

 Keynsham and Newton on the other, to the Week rocks, a large area, and 

 containing very complicated ground.' 



Jordan's map first appeared as ' Stanford's Geological Map of London 

 showing superficial Deposits, compiled by J. B. Jordan' (22-^- in. by 24^ in., 

 scale 1 in. = 1 mile). This was followed by ' Stanford's Library Map of London 

 geologically coloured by James B. Jordan,' in 24 sheets, each 16 in. by 13 in., 

 and on the scale of 6 in. = l mile. Nine different beds between the Alluvium 

 and the Chalk are defined on this fine map. In the following year, 1878, ' Stan- 

 ford's Geological Map of London and its Suburbs ' was also in 24 sheets, and 

 on the scale of 6 in.=l mile. Tt includes the country between Wimbledon on 

 the south-west and Hampstead on the north-west, Leyton on the north-east, and 

 Beckenham on the south-east. 



Contrasting with these two reliable and careful pieces of work is ' A 

 Mineralogical and Geological Map of the Coal Field of Lancashire, with parts 

 of Yorkshire, Cheshire, and Derbyshire, by Elias Hall [1832].' It measures 

 51 in. by 38 in., and is on the scale of 1 in.=l mile. The representations of 

 the strata are more peculiar than reliable, and the author's knowledge of the 

 fossil contents of the beds, as shown by the ' Vorticle [.s'/r] Section,' is both 

 ' extensive and peculiar.' Elias Hall copies Smith and Greenough by publishing 

 sections of the rocks covered bv the map, and in 18.36 he issued a 32 pp. 

 pamphlet as an 'Introduction to his Map.' 



A handy modern volume is ' Stanford's Geological Atlas of Great Britain 

 and Ireland,' edited by the late H. B. Woodward, which contains coloured 

 maps of the counties, upon which are indicated the various collecting grounds 

 for fossils, in addition to which is a general introduction to the geology of the 

 country. But this atlas has 'evolved.' William Smith's incomplete Geological 

 atlas of the counties was the start. In its present form the work began as 

 'Reynolds' Geological Atlas of Great Britain,' published in 1860, twenty-eight 

 colours being used. But the plates, before being geologically coloured, were 

 engraved by .John Emslie and originally appeared in Reynolds' County Atlas 

 in 1849. A ' New ' [second] edition of this work, entirely re-set throughout, 

 was issued by Reynolds in 1864. In 1889 another edition was described as the 

 'second' edition, but wa« really the third. In 1904 appeared ' Stanford'.^ 



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