a 



SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS —H. ;3«9 



to learn the craft of the potter, or the use of wooden hoes by the Batetela, the 

 neighbours of such famous smiths as the Bason^e. On the other hand there is 

 a constant exchange of customs by neighbouring tribes ; dress, dwellings, 

 weapons, crafts, laws of inheritance, etc., fall under this heading. A section 

 of the Babunda have abandoned cannibalism, independently from European 

 influence, while the Northern Bambala have recently taken to it. The same 

 people have given up the practice of circumcision. The sporadic appearance of 

 coil kiskets among the Baguana, the crossbow (as a toy) among Bambala, and 

 firemaking by the groove method among the Tophoke have to be recorded. 



In the interest of science, as well as of the reputation of the traveller, it will 

 be necessary to record in the future more carefully than in the past the exact 

 locality of observations. The question ariises whether these changes are not 

 contributory to the disintegration of tribes, as among the Bahuana, the Bapende, 

 the Bambala, and others. 



18. Dj'- W. Mersii Stroxg. — Bock Drawings jrowi New Guinea. 



Wednesday, September 13. 



19. Mr. A. Leslie Armstrong. — The Maglcmose Remains of Holder- 



ncss and their Baltic Counterparts. 



The occurrence in the Holderness area of East Yorkshire of bone harpoons, 

 and other relics of IMaglemose culture, beneath deposits of lacustrine peat, 

 occupying the sites of extinct meres, and associated with an Ancylus fauna, 

 point to the presence there in late Palneolithic times of a people having cultural 

 affinities with the raft-dwellers of Maglemose. in the island of Zeeland and 

 Baltic sites of the Ancylus Lake. No evidence of Maglemose culture has 

 hitherto been forthcoming in Britain, and the Holderness sites appear to repre- 

 sent its most westerly extension. The two harpoons recovered are of excellent 

 workmanship, and preserve in design and detail the Magdalenian tradition more 

 strikingly than is observable in any figured examples from Maglemose. 



The Baltic counterparts were discussed ; also the theories relative to the racial 

 identity of the Maglemose people. Numerous pit dwellings, assigned by the 

 late Canon Greenwell and by Sir W. Boyd Dawkins to a very early phase of 

 Neolithic culture, have been located in proximity to the sites" from which the 

 Maglemose remains have been recovered. Is there any cultural connection 

 between the pit dwellers and the Maglemose people ? 



20. Mr. W. CoLLiNGwooD.— r^ni/i Century Art in the DaneUw. 



The art of this period and district exists chiefly in stone monuments, of 

 which there are fairly abundant remains. 



The Danes who invaded Northern and Ea.stern England had settled down 

 about A.D. 000, adopting much of what they found here. For their monuments 

 they employed such Anglian carvers as survived, and for the first quarter of 

 the century debased traditions of Anglian art were followed. With the 

 establishment of the Viking kingdom of York in connection with Ireland some 

 Celtic motives were brought in, and Danish taste gradually prevailed, creating 

 in the second half of the century the Anglo-Danish style of ornament, seen 

 especially in East Yorkshire. 



From about 930 Norse from the Irish Sea coasts beean to settle Cumberland 

 and to penetrate Lancashire and parts of Yorkshire. They seem to have intro- 

 duced the wheel-head form of cross, with design in their own style, modified 

 by Irish art and suneraddcd to the Anglian tradition already known in the 

 districts they settled. From this combination of influences many interesting 

 and picturesque works resulted, reaching a high standard in the Gosforth cross 

 and others of the end of the tenth century. 



21. Prof. A. M.MVER.— P/ace-iVomes and Ethnology in the Eas* 



Hiding nf YorlcsMre. 



The place-names of the East Riding are almost exclusively English oi 

 Scandinavian, and there is very little trace of any Celtic element. In that 



D D 2 



