APPLIED GEOGRAPHY. 
ADDRESS BY SECTION E (GEOGRAPHY) BY 
D, G. HOGARTH, M.A., D.Lirt., C.M.G. 
PRESIDENT OF 'TITK SECTION. 
THe term which I have taken for the title of my address has been 
in-use for some years as a general designation of lendings or borrowings 
of geographical results, whether by a geographer who applies the 
material of his own science to another, or by a geologist or a 
meteorologist, or again an ethnologist or historian, who borrows of the 
geographer. Whether Geography makes the loan of her own motion 
or not, the interest in view, as it seems to me, is primarily that, not 
of Geography, but of another science or study. ‘The open question 
whether that interest will be served better if the actual application be 
made by the geographer or by the other scientist or student does not 
concern us now. 
Such applications are of the highest interest and value as studies, 
and, still more, as means of education. As studies, not merely are 
they links between sciences, but they tend to become new subjects 
of research, and to develop with time into independent sciences. As 
means of education they are used more generally, and prove them- 
selves of higher potency than the pure sciences from which or to which, 
respectively, the loans are effected. But, in my view, Geography. 
thus applied, passes, in the process of application, into a foreign 
province and under another control. It is most proper, as well as 
most profitable, for a geographer to work in that foreign field; but, 
while he stays in it, he is, in military parlance, seconded. 
Logical as this view may appear, and often as, in fact, it has been 
stated or implied by others (for example, by one at least of my pre- 
decessors in this chair, Sir Charles Close, who delivered his presidential 
address to the section at the Portsmouth Meeting in 1911), it does not 
square with some conceptions of Geography put forward by high 
authorities of recent years. These represent differently the status of 
some of the studies, into which, as I maintain, Geography enters as a 
subordinate and secondary element. In particular, there is a school, 
represented in this country and more strongly in America, which claims 
for Geography what, in my view, is an historical or ethnological or even 
psychological study, using geographical data towards the solution of 
problems in its own field; and some eyen consider this not merely a 
* function of true Geography, but its principal function now and for 
the future. Their ‘New Geography’ is and is to be the study of 
‘human response to land-forms.’ This is an extreme American state- 
ment; but the same idea is instinct in such utterances, more sober 
and guarded, as that of a great geographer, Dr. H. R. Mill, to the 
effect that the ultimate problem of Geography is ‘ the demonstrative 
and quantitative proof of the control exercised by the Barth’s erust on 
