I.—PHYSIOLOGY. 141 
hether these have been added later or not; of these, not a few whose 
names are well known to us have never become, in the technical sense, 
tudents of medicine at all. They may have lost by this, but should 
we willingly have lost them ? 
I hope that what I have earlier said with regard to the great service 
hat physiology has both to give to medicine and to receive from it wiil 
acquit me of any charge of desiring less, rather than much more, in- 
timacy and intercourse between them. [I believe that no better service 
can be done for the good of both than to increase their mutual offices 
and the ties between them. But we must see that, in uniting physi- 
ology to medicine, we do not uproot it from that soil in which alone it 
ean abundantly flourish and bear fruit, the environment of a university 
with all that that connotes. If there be any serious doubt of the reality 
of the dangers I have indicated, I would point to the dearth of men 
fitted to promote and teach the subject among those coming from the 
‘schools in which physiology is regarded as a medical study and no more, 
nd is not given its full university status. In the United States at 
present there is a grave and admitted dearth of suitable candidates for 
chairs of physiology, in spite of the remarkable work which has been 
done there in recent years and the fine material equipment in general 
available. I venture to offer my conviction that the prime cause of this 
shortage is the absence of the great recruiting possibilities of university 
life and the undue limitation of physiology to medical students. Men 
‘coming to physiology as a ‘ preliminary subject ’ and nothing more are 
. 
Let me, in conclusion, point again to the highest of the tasks which 
“physiology, like every other science, has to perform. Its highest and 
indeed its primary task is to enlarge the vision of man and to enrich 
his knowledge of truth. ‘The secondary tasks of physiology, in finding 
power through truth, power to diminish pain and to restore health, and 
to guide to right and prosperous living, are happily so beneficent in 
nd, and already in some degree so fruitfully discharged, that it is not 
sy, or indeed common, to keep in mind that great and primary aim. 
Right thinking in this respect is the only constant guide to right action 
n all the practical questions which confront us now in our discussion 
of the position and the future of this science. ‘Man does not live by 
bread alone’: and we shall find—we have already abundantly found 
in experience—that it is only through the seeking of wisdom first that 
power to increase the comfort and convenience of life is most fully to 
be won. The practical services of inquiry have been easy for all to 
e. Men have come readily to think of physiology as the handmaid of 
nedicine and as nothing more. Of late years we who follow the study 
of living things have not had interpreters to make plain to men at large 
the interest and beauty of the additions to revealed truth which have 
been coming from the work of the investigator. There are very few 
those clearer visions of the consummate beauty which are being revealed 
In the study of the body, visions as remote from the actual figments 
