J.—PSYCHOLOGY 149 
established in the cortex of the brain in correlation with reflective con- 
duct ; (b) such intermediate level of integration as is acquired in the course 
of individual life; and (a) such integration as is prior to (b) and (c) and 
on which they depend. I seek only to give a provisional schema. Now, 
_ Lassume that correlated with (a) there is an affective form of psychical 
existence which is not yet consciousness as I shall presently define it; 
that correlated with (b) is consciousness of the order of such perceptual 
- cognition as we impute to many animals; and that correlated with (c) is 
reflective consciousness or judgment which implies conceptual thought, 
and is often spoken of as self-consciousness. We may label these (thus 
provisionally distinguished) (a), (8), and (y). They stand, I believe, 
in an order of dependence. We neyer find (y) without (8) and (a); 
nor ever (8) without (a). The presence of reflective consciousness 
implies perceptive cognition; and the presence of perceptive cognition 
implies that of affective enjoyment. We do, however, seemingly find 
organisms with (@) and (a) but without (y); and (as I think) lowly 
forms to which one can impute (a) without (8). Our tabular statement 
may therefore take some such provisional form as this, which may at 
least serve to indicate my method of approach. 
; ape Reflective judgment 
(4) Vital te , % Peibautire cart seon 
(3) Vital (a) . (a) Affective enjoyment ‘The unconscious’ (iii) 
(2) Chemical U 2 (ii) 
(1) Physical 2 g (i) 
Consciousness (iv) 
On the left-hand side of the table we have ‘ outer aspect’; on the 
might ‘inner aspect.’ The ‘inner aspect’ (if such there be) under 
(ui) and (i) is lefi with a query. Panpsychic speculation is here and 
now beyond our horizon. 
\ What I may call the homogeneous precursor of the quality of con- 
“sciousness (iv) is ‘ unconscious enjoyment ’ (iii) which, notwithstanding 
its negative prefix, must be regarded as a positive character. The 
heterogeneous precursor of (iv, y) is (4 b). Heterogeneous treatment 
‘involves passing over from one ‘ aspect ’ to the other—e.g. interpreting 
perceptive consciousness in terms of brain-physiology, or psychical 
habit in terms of synaptic resistance. I do not mean to suggest that 
heterogeneous treatment is without value. Far from it. I do wish to 
‘suggest that we shall do well to realise that it is heterogeneous. 
The Quality of Consciousness. 
Before proceeding further certain preliminary questions must be 
briefly considered. First, is there progressively emergent evolution in 
zonsciousness? It is one of cardinal importance. My contention is 
that such evolution obtains in both aspects, inner and outer, the one in 
correlation with the other. This means that interpretation under 
emergent evolution is applicable to mental no less than to non-mental 
events. In other words, there is just as much progressive emergence 
in the inner or psychical aspect of organic nature as there is in the outer 
