J.—PSYCHOLOGY. 161 
3 aspect. But there are in consciousness as above differentiated always 
correlative -ed-aspects in that which is revived, that which is expected, 
and that to which there is objective reference. 
Stress on Integration. 
I suppose that there may be pretty general agreement that, in 
dealing with mind, emphasis—perhaps the chief emphasis—should fall 
on integration. I use the word ‘ integration ’ for that kind of systematic 
relatedness which obtains in an organism, and in a mind, where the 
functioning of sub-systems, as parts of the whole, depends on that 
of the system as a whole. 
Let us here very briefly advert to that organic integration which 
characterises a system which has the emergent quality of life. We 
find a number of sub-systems—respiratory, circulatory, reproductive, 
and so on—within the comprehensive life-system of the organism. We 
find these functional activities interrelated in many very subtle and 
delicate ways in the life that is common to them all. We consider, 
for example, the integrative action of the nervous system, and of that 
which may now be called the ‘ hormonic ’ system of internal secretions 
distributed by the blood-stream. The working of any one sub-system 
may facilitate or enhance the working of another; or it may partially 
arrest or even inhibit it. Abnormal functional activity of one sub- 
system may throw another sub-system out of gear; and so the trouble 
may spread. But the sub-systems are not historically prior to the life- 
system as a whole within which they play their parts; nor is the 
whole (that whole) prior to its sub-systematic constituents ; whole and 
parts have been progressively evolved together with such closely related 
interplay as characterises the quality of life. 
_ Now I assume, or accept as a provisional hypothesis, that uncon- 
scious enjoyment is correlated with life-process throughout its whole 
‘range. I know not where to draw the line between presence and 
absence. And how else can we interpret in homogeneous treatment, 
under emergence, psychical continuity in the race? In other words, 
wherever there is life there too, even in the germ cells, there is also, 
I assume, an accompaniment of enjoyment, psychical in its nature, 
at a level correlative with that of the current physiological process. 
If this hypothesis be provisionally accepted in the spirit in which 
‘it is provisionally offered, what holds good for the life-system holds good 
also in principle and mutatis mutandis for the psychical system. But 
within that system there emerges the higher quality of consciousness 
{iv, 8) characterised, let us say, by cognitive reference to the objective 
environment (to emphasise this criterion). Hence in the light of 
‘developing consciousness there is a progressive re-grouping in reference 
to the objects of which we are conscious, or objects in terms of which 
much of our unconscious enjoyment is re-interpreted. We say that 
dispositions, or interests, or innate tendencies, or emotional systems, or 
instincts, or impulses, are awakened to activity from a state of more 
or less unconscious slumber. (We are sure to use some _ rather 
metaphorical expressions.) These are then regarded as the sub-systems 
by : . . 
of the mind. Each has some measure of autonomous integration ; all 
