J.—PSYCHOLOGY. 165 
-It seems to me therefore imperative to distinguish in that which 
is present in the supraliminal field according to the mode of origin of 
the integration that obtains. We must ask: How far is the ‘ form’ 
_ which it assumes (i) the outcome of reflective integration; (ii) the 
_ outcome of unreflective or perceptive integration; and (i) the outcome 
_ of the integration in the subliminal unconscious to which as living 
_ beings we are heirs? If I am right in regarding (ii) and (iii) as 
- successively emergent qualities of consciousness there is somewhat of a 
leap (though no breach of continuity) from (i) to (ii), and from (i1) to (iil). 
_ There is always something more (involving new terms in new relations) 
in the higher-level conclusion than is contained in the lower-level 
premisses. This is the cardinal principle of all emergent evolution. 
Without this there would be nothing really new—merely a reshuffling 
of the old. 
Reyert now to ascending and descending integration. Under what 
may be spoken of as degradation—going down a step with habitude and 
habit—well-established reflective integration may assume the status 
of unreflective integration, and well-established unreflective integration 
that of the unconscious. The illustrative facts are familiar enough. 
It appears that the physiological correlates of this descent or degradation 
from higher to lower levels may be interpreted in terms of neural loop- 
lines and lower-level short-cuts due to lessened synaptic resistance in 
subordinate centres. If this be so, it is strictly accordant with the 
dependence of consciousness on life that psychical degradation should 
accompany physiological automatisation. The one is the correlated 
inner aspect of processes with which the physiologist has to deal. 
7 
—— S&S eee Ft 
Ls am al 
——— 
Are there Unconscious Images and Ideas? 
In the interpretation to which I have been led unconscious enjoyment 
(not necessarily involving unconscious images and ideas) is no less 
integrated than is the system of physiological events which gives to 
hfe its emergent quality. If the analogy be permitted, just as in the 
_ physiological symphony of life there are chords and phrases and 
motifs, each with an emergent character of its own (e.g. the part played 
by the instruments of the reproductive sub-system), so too, in the 
psychical symphony of unconscious enjoyment there are correlated 
chords, phrases, and motifs. And all goes well so long as due balance 
and harmony is maintained in the orchestral performance, no matter 
what instruments play a dominant part at the time being. But uncon- 
- scious enjoyment is primarily inherited psychical music correlated with 
the outcome of life-inheritance. I entertain little doubt that the life 
of animals, could we only feel its inner aspect as they themselves do, 
is brim-full of a rich music of unconscious enjoyment. As I write 
_ the swifts are wheeling and shrilling in the summer air. Am I wholly 
_ wrong in imputing to them an integrated form of enjoyment which is 
_ theirs on a basis of inheritance? Perhaps even sympathetic naturalists 
fail adequately to realise to what extent in animals the business of life 
as such, with further life as its wage, has also its psychical reward in 
_ enjoying so fully the performance of life’s job. And this reward in 
_ the enjoyment of doing is inherited with the ability to do. A 
q 
