ON TRAINING IN CITIZENSHIP. 373 
pupils of the School volunteered during the War, but even this seems to 
have no effect on this member of the class which stood to lose most by 
the loss of the War. 
‘What are teachers in Ireland to do? 
‘ Are they to teach loyalty and affection to, and pride in, an Empire which 
treats them so badly? Am I, in particular, to teach brotherhood towards a 
class, one of whose members throttles our efforts towards development? 
© As regards your two questions: (1) There are no lectures or lessons given 
in the subject of Civics at present. (2) The pupils organise and govern 
their own school games; the School is a Day School.’ 
WALES. 
The following extracts from the Rhondda Urban District Council Syllabus 
are typical :— 
‘In the Secondary Schools there is systematic training through the medium 
of Constitutional History, as well as specific training in the subject of Civics, 
giving the pupils an intelligent appreciation of the origin, growth, and functions 
of Parliament. Lessons are given on Local Government . . . Economics, Home 
Production, Foreign Trade, Interdependence, and Taxation. . . . The Qualities 
of a good Citizen. . . . Conferences are held from time to time with the Upper 
children, in which the welfare of the School as a whole is discussed. . . . The 
pupils have the fullest opportunity of expression.’ 
Citizenship is taught very widely in Glamorgan, and a large number of 
excellent syllabuses have been drawn up for individual schools. Among the 
many experiments in Self-Government described is a ‘Sunshine League.’ If 
cheerfulness be not an essential part of Citizenship it should always be ‘ breaking 
in.’ 
SECTION V. 
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India. 
CANADA. 
The outstanding feature in Canadian education is the sovereignty of the 
Provinces in educational matters. At each of the Provincial capitals there 
is a Central Authority for Education. The central organisation of Quebec 
differs fundamentally from that of the other Provinces, since it is complicated 
by problems, of language and religion. The Council of Public Instruction is 
divided into two Committees—Roman Catholic and Protestant. All teachers 
in Roman Catholic Schools must pass an examination in Civics with a view to 
teaching it. In other schools the subject is taught in an incidental way in 
connection with History and Geography. Civics is taught as a separate subject 
in Alberta and Nova Scotia. British Columbia includes Civics in its Com- 
mercial Course, and has added Canadian History and Civics to the list of 
subjects prescribed for first-year High School pupils. In Ontario and Manitoba 
“manners and morals’ are taught. 
AUSTRALIA, 
The separate States have independent educational systems. In New South 
Wales some teaching in Civics is given in connection with History in the 
upper classes in Elementary Schools. In Queensland teaching in Civics and 
Morals is given both incidentally and by means of separate lessons throughout 
the school course. In South Australia a new course of instruction in Primary 
Schools has been issued, in which an effort is made to bring Civics into the 
whole atmosphere of the school, more particularly in connection with the 
teaching of History. The effort has already been made in Tasmania under 
‘the same Director, and good effects are already manifest. In Western Australia 
definite instruction in Civics is given in the VIIth and VIITth classes. No 
information has been received fram Victoria. 
