374 REPORTS ON THE STATE OF SCIENCE, ETC. 
NEW ZEALAND. 
Instruction is given in Civics in connection with History in the middle and 
senior divisions of the Public Schools. 
SOUTH AFRICA. 
The peculiar difficulties connected with the bilingual white and the native 
population make the study of Civics as applied to South African problems more 
than ordinarily interesting and important. There has recently been a move- 
ment in the direction of the separation of Dutch- and English-speaking children, 
which is the subject of unfavourable comment by Ons Land. 
CAPE PROVINCE. 
The Outline of the Secondary School Course contains, under the heading 
Geography and History, a detailed syllabus of South African History, Civics, 
and Modern European Industrial History. There is, however, a preamble, in 
which the following paragraph occurs :— 
“The selection of courses and subjects to be taken in any school is left to 
the School Managers.’ 
The Primary School Course includes ‘ Simple lessons on Social Institutions, 
local and national.’ 
The Committee is indebted to Mrs. Stratton, of Rondebosch, for a copy of 
the Annual Report of the Boy Scouts’ Association for the Cape Province, from 
which it appears that no less success attends that movement in South Africa 
than elsewhere, 
NATAL. 
No definite instruction is given in Civics in the Primary Schools, but stress 
is laid on Empire Day, Trafalgar Day, Union Day, &c. 
TRANSVAAL, 
The Education Department lays down that ‘in addition to the facts of 
History which are to be taught ... an appreciation of what is meant by 
Citizenship and Civic duty should be carefully cultivated. This may be done in 
two ways : incidentally in connection with the discussion of historical facts and 
events, and formally by means of set lessons.’ 
INDIA. 
The Committee has information of a scheme originated by Pundit Shyam 
Shankar, M.A., Barrister-at-law (of Jhalawar), to supplement University educa- 
tion by auxiliary civic training, and we append his syllabus as promised in the 
1920 report. Civic duties are defined as including ‘Good citizenship and 
discipline, organised humanitarian work of social service, public morals and 
public health.’ The essential points in character-building are given as ‘ Loyalty, 
true patriotism and duties to the Empire.’ 
From the Quinquennial Review (1912-1917) of the Progress of Education 
in India, it does not appear that any special attention to Civics has been paid 
in any portion of that country; though it is probable that recent events have 
brought the subject of Citizenship into prominence. Allusion is made in this 
review to the growth of the Boy Scout Movement, and the following statement 
by Sir Robert Baden-Powell may serve to close this Report. 
Character-building in the Empire. 
‘One particularly patent effect of the War common to India, Egypt, Palestine, 
and even Burma and Ceylon, was their aspiration to be considered as definite 
nations. Yet practically not one of these countries could yet carry on self- 
government independent of military protection or financial aid on the part of 
