SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—D, E. 429 
(d) Living specimens of Pedalion mirum, from the neighbourhood 
of Cardiff, by Prof. D’Arcy Tuompson, C.B., F.R.S., on behalf 
of Mr. A. E. Harris, Cardiff. 
(ec) Miss Nrtson exhibited at her house living sea-anemones, some 
of which had been living in aquaria for fifty-nine years. 
SECTION E.— GEOGRAPHY. 
(For references to the publication elsewhere of communications entered in 
the following list of transactions, see p. 465.) 
Thursday, September 8. 
1, Lieut.-Col. E. F. W. Lees, D.S.O.—Aeronautical Maps. 
The provisions of the International Aeronautical Convention of October 13, 
1919, with special reference to the new system of co-ordinate reckoning, and the 
adoption of Mercator’s Projection for the general series—index scheme for 
general series—British proposals for design of maps—non-acceptance of certain 
of these proposals by the French and Belgians—the design finally agreed upon— 
conventional signs—abbreviations for the characteristics of aerial and marine 
lights. 
2. Presidential Address by Dr. D. G. Hocarru, C.M.G., on 
Applied Geography. Seep. 86. 
3. Miss A. M. B. Gmuerrt.—Historical Geoaraphy of the Black Earth 
Region of Central Russia. 
Physical aspects : space relations : physical features: distribution of black 
earth : historical aspects of the vegetation—historical geography : prehistoric 
period: period of great migrations to ninth century: period of Kievan Rus : 
Mongol-Tartar invasions (1200-1480): period of the growth of the Muscovite 
State—Black Earth region as a base for the organisation of the great Russian 
power : the steppe advance : rise of the Cossacks. 
4, Captain L. V. S. Buacker.—Fresh Ground in Turkistan and 
Khorasan, 1918-1920. 
Over the Pamirs—Turkistan in 1918 : Cossacks and Bolsheviks—a dash from 
the Chinese Pamir to Yarkand—a winter journey southward over the Pamir— 
from Baluchistan to Mery—a visit to the forbidden fortress of Kelat-i-Nadiri— 
unexplored country north-east of the Kara Dagh and how it was mapped—nine 
months in the Kurd country of the south-east Caspian region. 
Friday, September 9. 
5, Joint Discussion with Section H on The Origin of the Scottish 
People. See p. 439. 
6. Joint Discussion with Section L on The Teaching of Geography. 
Mr. G. G. Cutsnotm.—Frequency of the discussion of the nature of the 
subject of geography—causes of this—agreement with Sir Halford Mackinder in 
regarding geography as ‘ essentially a mode of thought "—importance of arriving 
at a clear agreement as to what that mode of thought is—signs of approximation 
to such an agreement in the work now done under the head of geography—much 
might be done towards bringing about such agreement by the preparation of a 
physical geography in which the main stress should be laid on physical agencies, 
not as changing the face of nature, but as influencing human activities. 
In the afternoon Messrs. John Bartholomew & Sons, Ltd., received 
a party at the Edinburgh Geographical Institute, Duncan Street, and 
Messrs. W. & A. K. Johnston, Ltd., received a party at their carto- 
graphical works in Easter Road. 
