43 SECTIONAL TRANSACTIONS.—G, H. 
oxygen is in this case contained under pressure in a single cylinder and is 
supplied to the breathing circuit of the apparatus through a valve gear of 
special design. The headdress, mouthpiece, flexible tubes, and breathing bags 
are the same in both apparatus. 
In the afternoon a visit to Rosyth took place. 
SECTION H.—ANTHROPOLOGY. 
(For references to the publication elsewhere of communications entered in 
the following list of transactions, see p. 466.) 
Thursday, September 8. 
1, Discussion on An Imperial School of Anthropology, opened by Sir 
Ricuarp OC. Tempe, Bart., C.1.E. Speakers: Sir Evrrarp 
Im THuRN, K.C.M.G., K.B.E., C.B., Sir Wiuuiam RipcEway, 
F.B.A. 
2. Mr. Auex. O. Curte.—The Fourth Century Silver Hoard found 
on Traprain Law. 
Traprain Law lies some 20 miles east of Edinburgh. It is a conspicuous 
mass nearly half a mile in length, but with an altitude from base to summit of 
only 350 feet. It has possessed in ancient times great defensive advantages, 
increased by the erection of a massive earthwork. The enceinte is an area of 
some 30 acres. The surface shows numerous evidences of long occupation. 
Excavation commenced by the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1914, and, 
with a break of three years, continued since, has revealed the fact that the hill 
was under occupation more or less continuously from the Bronze Age period 
till the commencement of the fifth century. Numerous relics have been found, 
generally of Celtic character, but including a hoard of fourth-century Roman 
silver plate weighing over 770 oz. troy and associated with coins of Honorius. 
This is believed to have been pillaged from Gaul by Saxon pirates. 
3. Prof. G. Banpwin Brown.—The Bearing of Recent Discoveries in 
the Domain of Pal@olithic Art on the Question of the Origin 
and Early History of Art in Relation to Human Nature. 
The bearing of recent anthropological study on the theory of art has not 
been systematically explored. The large part that certain forms of art, such 
as the dance and personal decoration, play in the life of savages is a remarkable 
phenomenon, and bears on current theories of art in that these activities are of 
practical use to the individual and the race, and so are in a sense forced upon 
them. This fact modifies the crude idea of the freedom of artistic activity, the 
corner stone of current artistic theory. The remote paleolithic cave dwellers 
were proficient in certain forms of art such as the delineation of animals, and 
these were of use, in a kind of make-believe, through their supposed magical 
influence. Hence they too were forced on the people of the time and were 
not in the conventional sense free activities. At the same time the work was 
to a great extent truly artistic and preserved to this extent its characteristic 
of freedom. The explanation of this apparent paradox casts a light on the 
general question of the place of art in the human economy. 
4, Mr. Mires Burxirr.—A Recent Important Discovery in Upper 
Paleolithic Cave Art. 
It is a good many years now since the discovery of the first Paleolithic 
Cave painting. We are fairly sure that these extremely well-drawn engravings 
and paintings (that are not all of the same age, but fall into four phases corre- 
sponding to four successive epochs) were made for magical purposes to obtain 
a good catch of game for these early hunters, who knew nothing of metal, of 
agriculture, or of domestic animals. A new find in a Pyrenean cave has dis- 
closed a frieze of engraved animals (comprising horse, bison, lion, reindeer—in 
all attitudes—bear, rhinoceros, and mammoth) above which occurs a dominating 
